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{{:yze1.0.png?nolink&600|Year Zero Engine}}

//Year Zero Engine Standard Reference Document v1.0// \\
//Authored by Tomas Härenstam// \\
//© 2023 Fria Ligan AB//

Permission to copy, modify and distribute this text is granted
solely through the Year Zero Engine Free Tabletop License,
available [[#Year Zero Engine Free Tabletop License|here]].

You should read the FTL and understand its terms before using
this material.

CONTENTS \\
[[#1. INTRODUCTION]] \\
[[#2. PLAYER CHARACTERS]] \\
[[#3. SKILLS & SPECIALTIES]] \\
[[#4. COMBAT & DAMAGE]] \\
[[#5. MAGIC]] \\
[[#6. TRAVEL]] \\

====== 1. INTRODUCTION ======

Welcome to Year Zero. This document contains the core Year
Zero Engine mechanics for tabletop roleplaying, used in several Free League games.

===== THE BASICS =====

This section introduces some key concepts in roleplaying, and
how they are used in games using the Year Zero Engine.

==== THE PLAYERS ====

Each player except one controls a player character (PC). You
decide what your PC thinks and feels, what they say and do
– but not what happens to them. It is your job as a player to
immerse yourself in your PC. They may be an adventurer in a
faraway fantasy world – but they are still, at heart, a person
with feelings and dreams, just like you. Try to imagine – how
would you react if you were in their shoes? What would you
do? The player characters are always the protagonists of the
story. The game is about you. Your decisions, your adventures.

==== THE GAMEMASTER ====

The final player is the Gamemaster, the GM. They describe
the game world to you, they portray the people you meet, and
they control the enemies you fight. The game is a conversation
between the players and the GM, back and forth, until a critical
situation arises where the outcome is uncertain. Then it’s time
to break out the dice – read more about this in Chapter 3.

It is the GM’s job to put obstacles in your path and
challenge your PCs, forcing them to show what they’re really made of. But it is not up to the GM to decide everything
that happens in the game – and above all, not how your
story is supposed to end. That is decided in the game. That
is why you are playing the game – to find out how your
story ends.

<box round green|ABBREVIATIONS>
PC = Player Character \\
NPC = Non-Player Character \\
GM = Gamemaster \\
YZE = Year Zero Engine \\
SRD = Standard Reference Document
</box>

<box round green|YOU AND OTHERS>
Most of the rules in this document are written in the second person – i.e., speaking to “you.” Rules that apply to you also apply
to others in the game, both PCs and NPCs, unless explicitly stated
otherwise.
</box>

===== KEY FEATURES =====

The Year Zero Engine was originally developed as the ruleset
for Mutant: Year Zero, but has been further modified and
adapted to a wide range of games with different themes and
settings. Yet, six core features of the game remain the same in
all iterations. These are listed and explained below.

==== ACCESSIBLE ====

The basics of the Year Zero Engine are very easy to learn. It is
easy to teach to new players, making the barrier to play very
low. Complexity and depth are added piece by piece, offering
more choices to the player as they gain more insight into the
system.

==== FAST AND DECISIVE ====

The Year Zero Engine is fast, quickly producing meaningful
results by removing any dice rolling, bookkeeping and calculations that don’t move the action forward. Year Zero Engine
combat systems are often deadly, pushing conflicts to decisive
moments. The risks are high, and PCs are rarely safe from
danger no matter how experienced they are.

==== RISKS & REWARDS ====

In the Year Zero Engine, you can increase your chances significantly by pushing your roll – i.e. re-rolling the dice – but pushing always comes with a cost. This dynamic constantly pushes
you to weigh risks and rewards, and makes the Year Zero
Engine particularly suited for harsh, survival-focused games.

<box round green|THESE SIDEBARS>
Sidebars such as this one are interspersed throughout this rules
text. They typically contain rules variants, comments and advice
on how to play.
</box>

==== PLAYER-CENTRIC ====

In Year Zero Engine games, the players and their characters
are at the heart of the story. The PCs are the protagonists of
the story, never the NPCs. The rules focus on the PCs and their
actions, while NPCs are handled quickly and effectively by
the Gamemaster. The system is designed to always present the
players with meaningful choices.

==== STORY DRIVEN ====

Roleplaying is about creating stories, memorable moments at the
gaming table that you’ll remember for years to come. The Year
Zero Engine is designed to produce dramatic effects that will
push your story forward and make it take unexpected turns.

==== ADAPTABLE ====

The Year Zero Engine is designed to be very adaptable for
different play styles, themes, and game settings. By using skills
and talents in a modular fashion, the system creates building
blocks that are very easily added, removed, and re-engineered.

===== DICE POOLS vs STEP DICE =====

Every Year Zero Game is different, but two main forks can
be identified – the original dice pool variety (using pools of
D6s) and the more recent step dice version (using a variety of
polyhedral dice). Both versions are included in this SRD. When
designing your game, you can choose whichever version you
prefer.

===== TOOLS OF THE GAME =====

Year Zero Engine games typically give you plenty of room for
improvisation and creativity. Yet they also provide a number
of tools to help you create your own story.

==== CHARACTER SHEETS ====

To document your character, you use a character sheet. This
document does not include a character sheet, as any YZE
game will need a sheet adapted to the specific rules version
and game setting. How you create your character will be
described in the next chapter.

==== DICE ====

As a character in a Year Zero Engine game, you will have to
take risks. Sooner or later, you will end up in situations where
the outcome is uncertain, no matter how skilled you are. It’s
time to break out the dice. Regular six-sided dice (also called
D6) are required to play the dice pool version YZE, preferably
10–15 of them, while the step dice version of YZE uses polyhedral dice, including D8, D10 and D12. Some rules variations
require dice in different colors.

<box round green|ROLLING DICE>
The rules will sometimes ask you to roll D3, 2D6, D66, and
D100. D3 means you roll a D6 and divide the result by two,
rounding up. 2D6 means you roll two six-sided dice and add
the results. D66 means you roll two D6. The first die represents
the tens digit and the second die represents the ones digit. That
generates a result between 11 and 66. D100 means you roll
two D10. The first represents the tens digit and the second the
ones digit. A double zero counts as 100. You can even roll D666,
by rolling three six-sided dice. The first die then counts as the
hundreds digit, the second as the tens digit and the third as the
ones digit.
</box>

==== CUSTOM CARDS ====

Another useful accessory for YZE games is a custom card
deck. The cards can be used as reference sheets for gear or
NPCs, but also to randomize initiative in combat – read more
about this in Chapter 4.

==== MEASURING TIME ====

Three units are used to measure time in YZE games, depending on the situation at hand. See the adjacent table. The exact
duration of a round, stretch and shift can vary depending on
the situation. It’s the GM’s job to track time and determine when
another round, stretch or shift has passed. There are typically
four shifts in a day: morning, day, evening, and night.

^ UNIT OF TIME ^ DURATION ^ USED IN ^
| Round | 5–10 seconds | Combat |
| Stretch | 5–10 minutes | Exploration |
| Shift | 5–10 hours | Travel |

===== PLAYING SAFELY =====

In YZE games, you are largely in control of the story, and with
this comes responsibility. The player characters will face great
danger and difficult challenges, but no player should find the
situations they experience unpleasant or offensive. It is important that everyone around the gaming table is having fun and
feeling safe.

Before starting the game, talk things through and see if
someone wants certain subjects to be kept out of the game. Always respect a player who wants to pause and discuss what is
happening in the game, or even leave the table if the player so
chooses. And you may also want to talk about what happened
after the game session.

====== 2. PLAYER CHARACTERS ======

Your player character (PC) is your most important asset in any
Year Zero Engine game. They are your avatar, your eyes and
ears in the world. But they, in return, depend on you making
the right decisions for them. Take your PC seriously and play
them as if they were a real person. It’s more fun that way. At
the same time, don’t try to protect your PC from every conceivable danger. The goal of the game is to create a good story.
For that to happen you need to take risks.

During the course of the game, your PC will change and
develop. Their skills and specialties can be developed through
experience, but you can also discover how their personality
changes and is formed in a way that cannot be measured by
numbers on a page. This is when your player character truly
comes alive.

==== CHARACTER SHEET ====

To create your player character, you need a character sheet.
This SRD does not include a character sheet, as any YZE
game will need a sheet adapted to the specific rules version
and game setting.

<box round green|SEVEN STEPS OF CREATION>
How you create your player character is explained in detail in
this chapter. The summary below is a helpful overview. Grab a
character sheet, a pencil, and follow these steps: \\
1. Choose your archetype. \\
2. Determine your attributes. \\
3. Determine your skills. \\
4. Choose your starting specialty. \\
5. Determine your personality traits. \\
6. Pick your gear. \\
7. Choose a name.
</box>

===== ARCHETYPE =====

Most Year Zero Engine games have some type of character
archetypes to choose from. The archetypes – which can also be
called “roles,” “professions,” or “careers” – are based on the
game world, and help the players grasp the setting.

The archetype determines what type of person you are,
your background and role in the group. Your archetype will
influence your attributes, skills, specialties, and starting gear.

Archetypes can feel stereotypical, and they are meant to
be. Picking an archetype is a quick way for yourself and the
other players to get an immediate feel for your character. But
remember that your character is more than just their archetype. The archetype is just a starting point toward creating a
unique player character.

===== ATTRIBUTES =====

Your character has four attributes that indicate your basic
physical and mental capabilities. Your attributes are used
when you roll dice to perform actions in the game, and also
determine how much damage and stress can withstand before
you become broken. Read more about this in Chapter 4.

**✦ STRENGTH**: Raw muscle power and brawn

**✦ AGILITY**: Body control, speed, and motor skills

**✦ WITS**: Sensory perception, intelligence, and sanity

**✦ EMPATHY**: Personal charisma and ability to manipulate
others

==== DICE POOL ATTRIBUTES ====

In the dice pool version of YZE, human attribute scores range
from 1 to 5. See the table below.

**STARTING SCORES**: Typically, you can distribute 14 points
across your attributes. You can assign no less than 2 and no
more than 5 points to any attribute.

**KEY ATTRIBUTE**: In many Year Zero Engine games, each archetype has a “key attribute.” You can have a maximum score
of 5 in your key attribute – other attributes are limited to a
maximum of 4.

^ ATTRIBUTE ^ DESCRIPTION ^
| 5 | Extraordinary |
| 4 | Capable |
| 3 | Average |
| 2 | Below Average |
| 1 | Feeble |

==== STEP DICE ATTRIBUTES ====

In the step dice version of YZE, attributes are rated on a scale
from A to D. Each attribute rating is connected to a specific
die type. See the table below.

**STARTING SCORES**: You start with a baseline of C in all four
attributes. You may then make three increases, of one step
each, up to A. You can increase any attributes you want. You
can gain one extra increase by decreasing one attribute from
C to D.

**DIE SIZE**: A term sometimes used in the step dice rules text is
“die size.” This simply means the highest possible result on a
particular die type. The die size of a D6 is 6, the die size of a
D8 is 8, etc.

^ ATTRIBUTE ^ DIE TYPE ^ DIE SIZE ^ DESCRIPTION ^
| A | D12 | 12 | Extraordinary |
| B | D10 | 10 | Capable |
| C | D8 | 8 | Average |
| D | D6 | 6 | Feeble |

===== HEALTH & RESOLVE =====

Your attributes determine how much damage and stress you
can take before being broken and thus taken out of action. In
some YZE games, this is measured by your Health and Resolve scores. Read more about how those work in Chapter 4.

==== DICE POOL RATINGS ====

**✦ HEALTH**: Your starting Health equals the average of your
Strength and Agility scores, rounding fractions up, plus
one.

**✦ RESOLVE**: Your starting Resolve equals the average of your
Wits and Empathy scores, rounding up, plus one.

==== STEP DICE RATINGS ====

**✦ HEALTH**: Your starting Health equals the sum of the die
size for your Strength and Agility scores divided by 4,
rounding fractions up.

**✦ RESOLVE**: Your starting Resolve equals the sum of the
die size for your Wits and Empathy scores divided by 4,
rounding up.

==== VARIATIONS ====

There are other ways to manage damage and trauma within
the Year Zero Engine, which don’t require Health or Resolve
scores at all. Two variants are described below:

**✦ JUST HEALTH**: Some YZE games have only a Health rating, not Resolve.

**✦ ATTRIBUTE DAMAGE**: You suffer damage directly on your
attributes, reducing your effectiveness. You are broken if
any attribute is reduced to zero.

**✦ CONDITIONS**: Each point of damage gives you a condition
(page 21) and you are broken when you have suffered a
set number of conditions.

===== SKILLS =====

Your skills are the knowledge and abilities you have acquired
during your life. They are important, as they determine, along
with your attributes, how effectively you can perform certain
actions in the game. There are twelve basic skills in the YZE
SRD, and they are all described in detail in Chapter 3. Some
Year Zero Engine games have different or additional skills.

==== DICE POOL SKILLS =====

In the dice pool version of YZE, skills are measured by skill
level on a scale from 0 to 5. The higher the number, the better.

**NO SKILL LEVEL?** You can always roll for a skill even if you
have no level in that skill – in that case you only use the associated attribute for the skill in question, and gear. Read more
about how skills work in the next chapter.

**STARTING SKILLS**: Typically, you can distribute 10 points
across your starting skills. In many Year Zero Engine games,
each archetype lists a number of associated skills. You can
only start the game with a skill level 3 in your archetype skills
– all other skills are limited to a starting level of 1.

^ SKILL LEVEL ^ DESCRIPTION ^
| 5 | Elite |
| 4 | Veteran |
| 3 | Experienced |
| 2 | Trained |
| 1 | Novice |

==== STEP DICE SKILLS ====

In the step dice version of YZE, skill levels are measured on a
scale from A to D just like attributes. Just like for attributes, each
skill level is connected to a specific die type. See the table below.

**NO SKILL LEVEL?** You can generally roll for a skill even if
you have no level at all in that skill – in that case, only use the
associated attribute for the skill in question.

**STARTING SKILLS**: Choose one B level skill, two C level skills,
and three D level skills. Your B level skill must typically be one
listed by your archetype. You can choose your C and D level
skills freely.

^ SKILL LEVEL ^ DIE TYPE ^ DIE SIZE ^ DESCRIPTION ^
| A | D12 | 12 | Elite |
| B | D10 | 10 | Veteran |
| C | D8 | 8 | Experienced |
| D | D6 | 6 | Novice |

===== SPECIALTIES =====

Specialties are tricks, moves and minor abilities that give you a
small edge. In some Year Zero Engine games, they are instead
called talents. Specialties are more narrow than skills and give
you a way to fine-tune your character.

You can typically pick one specialty when creating your
character, but your archetype determines which specialties you
can choose from. You can learn more specialties during the
course of the game.

You can find a few examples of specialties in Chapter 3
(page 8 and forward), but most specialties are tuned to the
specific game and its setting.

===== PERSONALITY TRAITS =====

Year Zero Engine games use a variety of methods to give your
PC unique personality traits beyond the numerical stats. Some
examples follow below.

**PRIDE**: Something specific that defines your character and
makes them stand out. It can be an ability, an event in your
past, or something else. Once per game session, you may check
your Pride to get one automatic success in a dice roll. You
must justify how your Pride helps you.

**WEAKNESS**: An Achilles heel that can get you into trouble
somehow. Your weakness adds depth and personality to your
character and can also be used by the GM to create challenges
for you. Roleplaying according to your weakness gives you
extra XP at the end of the session.

**DARK SECRET**: Something that you have experienced before
the game begins that has left its mark on you or still threatens
you in some way. Your Dark Secrets is primarily a tool for the
GM to create stories with, but can also earn you extra XP you
get after a game session.

**BIG DREAM**: This is your PC’s main long-term goal in the
game. During play, you will gain extra XP if you risk or sacrifice something significant to move closer to seeing your big dream realized.

**RELATIONSHIPS**: Your relationship with each of the other
PCs, described with a short sentence for each. Your relationships are mainly used by the GM to create interesting challenges for you in the game.

**BUDDY**: The PC in the group that you feel closest to. Making
a sacrifice or taking a big risk for your Buddy will earn you
extra XP.

=====  GEAR =====

Many (but not all) Year Zero Engine games are focused on
survival, and having the right gear will help you do that. You
must write down all the items you are carrying. Write down
one item per row in the Gear section on your character sheet.
If it’s not listed on your sheet, you don’t have it with you.

**STARTING GEAR**: Your archetype typically determines what
gear you can choose from at the start of the game. Clothes
and gear used to carry other gear does not count toward your
encumbrance and does not need to be noted down.

==== ENCUMBRANCE ====

You can unhindered carry a number of regular items up to
your carry limit, which is equal to double your Strength rating
(dice pool system) or equal to your Strength die size (step dice
system). Heavier items count as two, three or more regular
items. Light items count as ½ or even ¼ regular items.

**BACKPACK**: If you have a backpack, you can use it to carry an
additional number of regular items equal to your carry limit.
However, carrying a backpack gives you a −2 modifier on all
Mobility skill rolls (page 12). The backpack itself does not
affect your encumbrance.

**TINY ITEMS**: Items with negligible weight, that can be hidden
in a closed fist, are called tiny. They are so small they don’t affect your encumbrance at all. Tiny items still need to be listed
on your character sheet.

**MOUNTS & VEHICLES**: If you have a horse or other mount,
you can let it carry some of your gear. The animal can carry a
number of regular items up to its own carry limit, and twice
that number if you dismount and lead it. Vehicles can store
even more gear.

<box round green|ENCUMBERANCE VARIANTS>
The YZE encumbrance rules can be modified according to the
type of game. Two options follow below.
Weapons at Hand: In this variant, you can have up to three
hand-held weapons at hand, which means that they are kept
in a sheath or holster or otherwise readily available for use
in combat. Weapons kept at hand do not count toward your
encumbrance. Any helmet or armor worn on your body also
does not count toward your encumbrance. This variant reduces
record-keeping.

**NO ENCUMBRANCE**: If your YZE game is not focused on gear, you
can do away with encumbrance rules
</box>

==== CONSUMABLES ====

A special category of items in the game are called consumables. It can be food, water, ammunition, arrows, torches, air
supply, electric power or others – depending on the setting of
the game. There are two main ways to manage consumables.

**TRACKING**: The obvious way to manage consumables is to
simply track them on your character sheet. Write down every
ration of food, arrow or bullet, and reduce the amount as they
are used up. A ration of food, ten arrows, or 25 bullets typically count as ¼ of a regular item.

**SUPPLY ROLLS**: To emulate the scarcity of consumables with-
out tracking each and every unit, you can use supply rolls.
For each consumable in the game, you have a Supply rating.
A higher rating is better. For encumbrance, each consumable
counts as one regular item no matter the Supply rating.

At regular intervals (depending on the consumable in
question), you need to make a supply roll. This means rolling
a number of D6 equal to the current Supply rating – but never
more than six dice. For each 1 rolled, the Supply rating is
reduced by one. When the Supply rating reaches zero, you’re
out of the consumable.

If you want to give a consumable to another person, simply increase the recipient’s Supply rating as many steps as you
decrease your own.

===== EXPERIENCE =====

The things you learn during the game are measured in Experience Points (XP). You receive XP after the end of each game
session. Talk it through and let the whole group discuss what
has happened. For each of the below questions that you can
reply “yes” to, you get one XP:

✦ Did you participate in the game session?

✦ Did you explore a new location?

✦ Did you defeat one or more dangerous adversaries?

✦ Did you overcome an obstacle without using force?

✦ Did you act according to your weakness / dark secret / big
dream / relationships (page 6)?

✦ Did you perform another extraordinary action of some kind?

✦ Specific games can award XP for other actions as well.

The GM has the final word when it comes to how much XP
each character should get.

==== SPENDING XP ====

You can use your XP to improve your skills and specialties, or
to learn new ones. You can only spend XP when your PC gets
a chance to rest, or between game sessions.

**SKILLS**: To increase a skill level by one step costs a number
of XP indicated in the tables on page 7. You can only
increase a skill level one step at a time. Learning a new skill (at
skill level 1/D) costs 5 XP.

In addition, to raise a skill level or gain a new skill, you
must have used the skill and succeeded at least once since your
last increase. Make a mark by the skill on the character sheet
to indicate this. Only meaningful skill rolls where something is
truly at stake count for this purpose. The GM has final say. As
an alternative to making a skill roll, you can be instructed for
one shift by a teacher with a higher skill level than you.

**SPECIALTIES**: Learning a specialty always costs 10 XP, but
also requires a teacher – a PC or NPC who already knows the
specialty – instructing you for at least one shift. After the shift,
the teacher makes a Persuasion roll. If they fail, you learn
nothing this shift. You keep your XP and the teacher can try
again in another shift.

==== DICE POOL SKILL LEVEL INCREASE ====

^ TARGET LEVEL ^ XP COST ^
| 1 | 5 |
| 2 | 10 |
| 3 | 15 |
| 4 | 20 |
| 5 | 25 |

==== STEP DICE SKILL LEVEL INCREASE ====

^ TARGET LEVEL ^ XP COST ^
| D | 5 |
| C | 10 |
| B | 15 |
| A | 20 |

==== PERSONALITY TRAITS ====

After any session, you may change personality traits such
as your pride, weakness, dark secret, big dream, and relationships. Try to connect the change to something that has
happened during the course of the game.

====== 3. SKILLS & SPECIALTIES ======

Roleplaying is a conversation. The Gamemaster describes the
scene, you describe how your PCs behave, the GM describes
how any NPCs react, you reply, and it goes back and forth.
That is how the story is told and progresses. But sooner or
later, a decisive situation will arise, a point of no return, a
conflict that conversation alone cannot resolve. Then it’s time
to break out the dice and use one of your skills.

<box round green|THE 12 CORE SKILLS> 
✦ Force (Strength) \\
✦ Melee (Strength) \\
✦ Stamina (Strength) \\
✦ Marksmanship (Agility) \\
✦ Mobility (Agility) \\
✦ Stealth (Agility) \\
✦ Crafting (Wits) \\
✦ Observation (Wits) \\
✦ Survival (Wits) \\
✦ Healing (Empathy) \\
✦ Insight (Empathy) \\
✦ Persuasion (Empathy)
</box>

==== OTHER SKILLS ====

Individual YZE games may have other skills than the ones
listed here, and even more skills than twelve. We don’t recommend more than 16 skills however. Skills should be fairly
broad – fine-tuning of characters is done with specialties.

===== ROLL THE DICE =====

There are twelve core skills in total in the Year Zero Engine,
and they are all described later in this chapter. Each skill is
connected to one of the four attributes: Strength, Agility, Wits,
and Empathy.

====  DICE POOL SKILL ROLLS ====

To roll for a skill in the dice pool version, grab a number of
six-sided dice equal to your skill level plus your current score
in the attribute that is connected to that skill. These are your
base dice. Then roll all the dice together.

**SUCCESS**: To succeed with your action, you must roll at least
one 6. A 6 is called a success. If you roll several 6s, you get
several successes.

**NO SKILL?** If you don’t have the skill required for the particu-
lar action you want to perform, you can roll anyway – simply
roll the base dice for your attribute alone.

**GEAR**: Useful gear can give you extra base dice to roll.

==== STEP DICE SKILL ROLLS ====

To roll for a skill in the step dice version, grab two dice – one
for your skill level and another for the base attribute that is
connected to the skill. These two dice are called your base
dice. The type of base dice to roll depends on your levels in the
skill and attribute (page 5). Then roll your two base dice
together.

**SUCCESS**: To succeed with your action, you must roll 6 or
higher on at least one base die used in the roll. A roll of 6 or
higher is called a success, and is marked in the rules with the
eye symbol. A roll of 10 or higher on a single die (only possible with a D10 or D12) counts as two successes.

**NO SKILL?** If you don’t have the skill required for the particular action you want to perform, you can roll anyway – simply
roll the base die for your attribute alone.

**GEAR**: Gear can give positive modifiers (page 11) or even
additional dice to roll.

==== MULTIPLE SUCCESSES ====

If you roll two or more successes, you reach your stated goal,
but also gain some additional bonus effect, depending on the
situation and the skill used. In combat, extra successes can
increase the damage done. For other skills, you can suggest a
bonus effect yourself. The GM has final say. Some suggestions:

✦ You act quickly.

✦ You act quietly.

✦ You help another character.

✦ You impress someone.

✦ You discover something unexpected.

**MORE SUCCESSES**: Rolling three or even more successes
generally only matters in combat, where each additional will
increase the damage done by one point.

==== THE ART OF FAILURE ====

If you roll no success, something goes wrong. For some
reason, you failed to achieve your goal. Feel free to elaborate
on why with the help of the GM. They might even let a failed
roll have further consequences to move the story forward in a
dramatic way.

Failure must not stop the story completely. Even when
you fail, there must be a way forward – perhaps at the cost
of additional time, risk, or resources, but still a way. The GM
has the final say regarding the consequences of failure in a
particular situation.

You have one last chance if you really need to succeed –
you can push the roll.

<box round green|CUSTOM DICE>
Several YZE games have sets of custom dice available. These often have special symbols on the 1 and 6 sides, to make it easier
to identify successes and banes.
</box>

==== DIFFERENT COLORS ====

Whether a certain die you have rolled originates from your
attribute, your skill, or your gear, may be important. For that
reason, you should use dice of three different colors. The dice
from attributes are called Base Dice, the dice from skills are
called Skill Dice, and the dice from gear are called Gear Dice.

===== PUSHING YOUR ROLL =====

Your initial skill roll reflects a safe and controlled action. If
you fail your initial roll, or if you want additional successes,
you can lean into the action, giving it everything you’ve got,
pushing yourself to the limit.

This is called pushing the roll, and lets you re-roll any
dice that don’t show the result of 1. A base die showing a 1 is
called a bane and can never be re-rolled when pushing. After a
push, you cannot change back to the previous result. All dice
count after the push, even any dice you didn’t re-roll.

==== COST OF PUSHING ====

Pushing always comes with a risk or a cost. These vary greatly
depending on the game and the version of the YZE you use.
The push mechanic is generally the best place to highlight the
core themes of an YZE game. Several options follow below.

**DAMAGE & STRESS**: After a pushed roll, you immediately suf-
fer one point of damage (if you rolled for Strength or Agility)
or one point of stress (if you rolled for Wits or Empathy) for
each bane (1) rolled on your base dice. If this damage or stress
breaks you, this happens after the action is resolved.

As an option, when using a weapon or a tool of some sort,
the tool suffers damage (or reduced durability) instead of you.

Note that this pushing version works best in the step dice
version of YZE, as having more dice to roll in a dice pool will
increase the risk of suffering damage or stress when pushing.

**ATTRIBUTE DAMAGE**: For each bane (1) rolled on your base
dice after a pushed roll, you immediately suffer one point of
damage directly on the attribute rolled for. Only the base dice
from the attribute count, not base dice from skills or gear. For
this reason, you should preferably have base dice of separate
colors for attributes, skills, and gear. For each bane rolled for
a piece of gear in a pushed roll, the bonus from the gear is reduced by one step. If this damage or stress breaks you or your
gear, this happens after the action is resolved. Note that this
pushing version requires attribute damage (page 20).

In some YZE games using attribute damage, rolling banes
on base dice can also have positive effects – it gives you the
force of will required to use special abilities like magic (see
Chapter 5). For every point of attribute damage you suffer
from pushing, you gain a Willpower Point (WP). The WP are
required to use your special abilities.

**STRESS DICE**: When you push a roll, you immediately take one
stress point. When making skill rolls, including the immediate
re-roll when pushing, add a number of stress dice to your roll
equal to your current amount of stress points.

Stress dice are D6s that are added to your roll and sixes on
them count as successes, meaning the built-up stress actually
increases your chances to succeed, as it makes you more sharp
and alert. However, if you roll a bane on one or more stress
dice (even in the initial roll, without pushing), you trigger a
roll on a panic table or some other unwanted effect. You can
find a sample panic table on page 10.

Stress is typically relieved – all stress points removed –
after a stretch of rest in a (reasonably) safe location. The
pushing version works very well in horror-oriented games.

**CONDITIONS**: When pushing a roll, you immediately suffer a
condition of some sort, such as Exhausted, Angry, or Scared.
For each condition you haven, you suffer a negative modification on some or all skill rolls. Conditions also work as cues
for roleplaying. This push version is suitable for rules-light
narrative games. See page 21 for more on conditions.

**DOOM POINTS**: Every time you push a roll, the GM gets one
Doom Point. The Doom Points can be used by the GM to trigger misfortunes or obstacles for you at any time, such as your
weapon misfiring, you dropping something, or your enemy
getting reinforcements. Note that the list of what Doom Points
can be used for must be very clear and known to all players,
as the line otherwise will be blurry between Doom Points and
what the GM does anyway to challenge your character.

==== SAMPLE PANIC TABLE ====

Roll a D6 and add your current amount of stress points. Effects
last until all stress is relieved.

^ RESULT ^ EFFECT ^
| 1–6 | Keeping it Together. You manage to keep your nerves in check. Barely. |
| 7 | Nervous Twitch. You and all PCs in Short range gain a stress point. |
| 8 | Tremble. You tremble uncontrollably. All skill rolls using Agility suffer a −2 modifier. |
| 9 | Drop Item. You drop a weapon or other important item – the GM decides which one. |
| 10 | Freeze. You’re frozen by fear or stress for one round, losing your next turn. |
| 11 | Seek Cover. You must use your next action to move away from danger and find a safe spot if possible. You must make a retreat roll (page 17) if you have an enemy at Engaged range. You lose one stress point, but all other PCs in Short range gain one stress point. After one round, you can act normally. |
| 12 | Scream. You scream for one round, losing your next turn. You lose one stress point, but every PC who hears your scream must make an immediate panic roll. |
| 13 | Flee. You must flee to a safe place and refuse to leave it. You won’t attack anyone and won’t attempt anything dangerous. You lose one stress point, but every PC who hears your scream must make an immediate panic roll. |
| 14 | Berserk. You must immediately attack the nearest person or creature, friendly or not. You won’t stop until you or the target is broken. Every PC who witnesses your rampage must make an immediate panic roll. |
| 15+ | Catatonic. You collapse to the floor and can’t talk or move, staring blankly into oblivion. |

==== PASSIVE ROLLS ====

You can only push skill rolls when you actively perform an
action. When passive or unaware, for example when rolling
Observation to see if you spot a sneaking enemy, you cannot
push the roll.

==== ONLY ONCE ====

You can only push a skill roll once. If you don’t succeed on
your second try, you are stuck dealing with the consequences.

<box round green|WHAT PUSHING MEANS>
How a pushed roll plays out in story terms depends on what skill
you are using. It can take the form of a great physical exertion,
total mental focus, or emotional strain.
</box>

===== ONLY ONE CHANCE =====

As a rule, you only have one chance to succeed with any
action. Once you have rolled the dice – and pushed the roll –
you may not roll again to achieve the same goal. You need to
try something different or wait until the circumstances have
changed in a substantial way. Or let another player character
try. This rule does not apply to combat, where you can attack
the same enemy multiple times.

===== MODIFIERS =====

Sometimes, external factors help you to succeed. Such modifiers will give you additional base dice to roll (in the dice
pool version) or step your base dice to bigger dice (in the step
dice version). Other times, something hampers your action.
This removes base dice from your pool (dice pool version) or
downsteps your base dice (step dice).

You can get such modifiers to skill rolls in several different
ways: specialties, the difficulty of the action itself, and help
from others.

==== DICE POOL MODIFIERS ====

A +1 modifier means you roll one extra base die, +2 means
you roll two extra base dice, and so on. A −1 modifier means
you roll one base die fewer than normal, −2 means two fewer,
and so on. Several modifiers can apply to the same roll, and
they are cumulative.

Always add and remove base dice from your skills, if you
can (not from attributes or gear). If you don’t have enough
dice from skills, remove base dice from gear. If you run out of
gear dice as well, remove base dice from attributes. If you end
up with no dice at all, you have no chance to succeed – time to
rethink your strategy!

==== STEP DICE MODIFIERS ====

A +1 modifier means upgrading a base die one step, a +2
modifier means upgrading two steps, and so on. A −1 modifier
means downgrading a base die one step, −2 means two steps
down, and so on. Several modifiers can apply to the same roll,
and they are cumulative.

When stepping up and down, always try to balance your
dice as much as possible – i.e. step up a lower base die first, and
downstep a higher base die. You can never go above two D12s,
no matter what modifiers you have. To downstep past two D6s,
remove one die. You can never go below one D6. If you lack a
skill level and start with just a single base die, step up by adding
a D6 (as one step up) and step it up further as needed.

==== DIFFICULTY ====

Normally, the GM doesn’t assess how difficult an action is.
You only roll dice in challenging situations – period. But
sometimes, the GM might want to underscore that external
factors either help or hinder an action. Use the adjacent table
for guidance.

^ DIFFICULTY ^ MODIFIER ^
| Trivial | +3 |
| Simple | +2 |
| Easy | +1 |
| Average | 0 |
| Demanding | −1 |
| Hard | −2 |
| Formidable | −3 |

**SPECIFIC MODIFIERS**: There are also cases when modifications
are imposed by the rules, like when you aim carefully with a
ranged weapon, shoot at long distance, or if you’re in a bad
negotiation position when you attempt to Persuade someone.
Some specialties also give you a positive modifier in certain
situations.

==== ADVANTAGE/DISADVANTAGE ====

In the step dice version of YZE, you can use an advantage/
disadvantage rule instead of numerical modifiers to a skill roll.
It’s faster but less detailed, and thus works best in a rules light
system. For this system to work, all PCs need a minimum skill
level of D in all skills. To use this system, consider any positive
modifier (regardless of its magnitude) in this SRD an advantage, and any negative modifier a disadvantage.

**ADVANTAGE**: When you have an advantage, you add a third
base die to your roll, of the same type as your lower die. This
means you roll three dice instead of two, counting all successes. You can push the roll normally.

**DISADVANTAGE**: When you have a disadvantage, you must
remove your lower base die. This means you’ll be rolling just
one die instead of two. You can push the roll normally.

**CUMULATIVE**: If you have both an advantage and a dis-
advantage, they cancel each other out. If you have several
advantages or disadvantages, one advantage cancels out one
disadvantage.

**JUST ONE**: After balancing advantages against disadvantages
as per above, you can never roll for more than one advantage
or disadvantage – if you have several, it still counts as just a
single one.

===== HELP FROM OTHERS =====

Other PCs or NPCs can help you succeed at a skill roll. This
must be declared before you roll your dice. It must also make
sense in the story – the individuals helping you must be physically present and have the capacity to support your action.
The GM has final say.

For each person helping you, you get a +1 modifier.
No more than three people can help you with a single roll,
meaning your maximum modifier from getting help is +3. In
combat, helping counts as the same type of action as the one
you are supporting (fast or slow).

NPCs can help each other in the same way as player characters. Letting NPCs act in groups instead of individually is often an easy way to manage large numbers of NPCs in combat.

===== OPPOSED ROLLS =====

Sometimes, rolling a success isn’t enough to succeed with your
skill roll. In some cases, you must beat your opponent in an
//opposed roll//. To win an opposed roll, you must roll more
successes than your adversary. Every success rolled by your
adversary eliminates one of your successes. Only you (the
active party) can push your roll – and you can decide to do so
even after your opponent rolls.

Sometimes you and your adversary roll for different skills,
sometimes the same. Opposed can be used when you roll
Persuasion versus Insight to influence someone who is actively
trying to resist you, or Stealth versus Observation to move
undetected past a vigilant guard.

The GM can also use opposed rolls in any case when they
deem it appropriate.

**TIES**: If you and your opponent roll the same number of suc-
cesses, the result is a tie. Typically, your action will fail if you
roll a tie as the active party in an opposed roll, but in some
cases, ties have specific effects. If a tie needs to be broken, reroll the opposed roll to determine the outcome.

<box round green|NPCS AND SKILLS>
Non-Player Characters use skills in the same way as player
characters. The GM rolls dice for them, and they can push their
rolls just like PCs can. But the GM only has to roll for actions
that affect a PC directly – for example, if the NPC is attacking a
player character or is attempting to save them. When an NPC
performs an action that does not directly affect a PC, the GM can
simply decide what happens, without rolling dice.
</box>

===== GEAR =====

Gear can take many different forms depending on the setting
of the game, and often includes weapons. Some example
weapons are listed on page 20. Useful gear can give you a
positive modifier to skill rolls. This is called a gear bonus. Not
all YZE games have this.

==== DICE POOL DEGRADING GEAR BONUS ====

In dice pool YZE games with attribute damage (page 20),
the gear bonus works like an attribute for the gear, and can
be reduced when pushing a skill roll. For every bane (1) you
roll on your base dice from gear when pushing, the item’s
gear bonus is decreased by one. It simply doesn’t work as well
anymore. If the gear bonus reaches zero, the item is broken
and cannot be used. The gear bonus of an item can be reduced
by external damage as well.

==== STEP DICE GEAR RELIABILITY ====

In step dice YZE games, gear can have reliability ratings. Each
point of damage from pushing rolls or outside force reduces
the reliability rating by 1. When it reaches zero, the item is
broken and can no longer be used. A typical piece of sturdy,
mechanical gear in good condition has a reliability rating of 5,
but delicate or badly built gear can start with a lower rating.

==== REPAIRING GEAR ====

Damaged gear can be repaired. It takes a Shift of work and
a successful Crafting skill roll. If the roll is successful, the
gear bonus / reliability is recovered by one point for every
success rolled, up to the starting score. If the roll fails, the gear
bonus / reliability is permanently decreased to its current score.
If the gear bonus / reliability has been reduced to zero and
the attempt at repair fails, the item is permanently destroyed.
Some items can require specialized tools, spare parts, or specialties to repair.

==== DICE POOL ARTIFACT DICE ====

You can use polyhedral dice even in a dice pool YZE game, as
artifact dice from especially powerful or magical items. Such
items are divided into three categories, depending on the type
of dice they give: \\
✦ D8: Mighty \\
✦ D10: Epic \\
✦ D12: Legendary

Artifact dice are added to your pool, and any result of 6 or
higher counts as a success. Results of 10 or higher counts as
two successes. Artifact dice are never lost due to wear, but
an item with artifact dice is still unusable if its gear bonus is
reduced to zero.

===== THE SKILLS =====

This section describes the twelve core skills of the Year Zero
Engine.

==== FORCE (STRENGTH) ====

When something heavy or solid blocks your way and you need
to lift, push, or break it, roll for Force. Use this skill for any
feat of strength.

==== MELEE (STRENGTH) ====

Sometimes, you need to fight for your life, hand-to-hand with
your opponent. Roll for this skill when you attack someone
or defend yourself using only your body or a melee weapon.
Read more about close combat and damage in Chapter 4.

==== STAMINA (STRENGTH) ====

When your physical endurance or vigor is tested, roll for
Stamina. For example, this skill is used to survive under water
or to resist a deadly poison. You also roll Stamina to stay alive
when you have suffered a lethal critical injury.

==== MARKSMANSHIP (AGILITY) ====

Use the Marksmanship skill to fire all types of range weapons.
Read more about ranged combat in Chapter 4.

==== MOBILITY (AGILITY) ====

Roll for Mobility when you want to perform any action that
requires speed or motor control – be it a risky climb, a dangerous jump, or a foot chase after a fleeing enemy (page 27).

==== STEALTH (AGILITY) ====

Roll for Stealth when trying to sneak past someone, staying
undetected, or picking someone’s pocket. If your opponent
is actively looking for you, it’s an opposed roll against their
Observation. If not, it’s just a straight skill roll. Each of the
following external factors gives you a +1 modifier to the roll: \\
✦ You blend into your surroundings. \\
✦ The area is dark or dimly lit. \\
✦ The area is crowded or noisy. \\
✦ Your opponent is distracted by something.

Each of the following factors gives you a −1 modifier to the
roll: \\
✦ You stand out against the surroundings. \\
✦ There is nothing to hide behind.

==== CRAFTING (WITS) ====

The Crafting skill is primarily used to repair broken gear or
building new items, but it can also be used to understand or
operate mechanical constructions. Repairing a broken item
typically takes a shift of work (see Gear on page 11). The
exact uses of this skill vary depending on the specific game
setting.

==== OBSERVATION (WITS) ====

The Observation skill can be used to examine an area to find
useful information or to spot something or someone from a
distance. When the GM calls for it, you can make a passive
roll for this skill to detect an approaching threat in time. When
examining an area, the GM can give you a positive modifier if
your description of where you are searching is very precise, or
even let you succeed without a roll.

==== SURVIVAL (WITS) ====

Year Zero Engine games often take place in harsh and dangerous environments. Roll for Survival when you’re in a hazardous environment of some kind, be it extreme heat and cold,
sandstorms, acid rain, or other forms of extreme weather, and
need to figure out a way to stay alive. Read more in Chapter 6.

==== HEALING (EMPATHY) ====

In many YZE games, your PC risks getting hurt. This is when
the Healing skill is useful. It can be used to get a broken character back on their feet, or even save their life if they suffered
a critical injury. Read more on page 22.

==== INSIGHT (EMPATHY) ====

This skill represents the ability to read other people and see
through lies. Roll for Insight to assess an NPC’s mood. If you
succeed, the GM must reveal the NPC’s current, most powerful emotion – hate, fear, contempt, love, etc. If you roll several
successes, you can also determine if an NPC is lying – but not
exactly what they are lying about or what the truth is. The
Insight skill can also be used in opposed rolls to resist Persuasion (below).

==== PERSUASION (EMPATHY) ====

Sometimes, you can make things go your way without resorting to violence. Instead, you trick or convince your opponents
without drawing your weapon. For this, you use the Persuasion skill. If your opponent is actively trying to resist you, it’s
an opposed roll against their Insight. If not, it’s a straight roll.

Before you roll, you must state the stakes of the roll –
what you want to achieve. What you ask of your opponent
must be within reason. No NPC will agree to do anything you
want or act directly against their own interests, no matter how
good your roll is. Conversely, you don’t need to roll for simple
requests that your opponent has no reason to resist. The GM
has the final say on when Persuasion rolls can or need to be
used.

**BEING PERSUADED**: Generally, Persuasion is only used against
NPCs, not PCs. When NPCs or other PCs try to talk you into
something, it’s up to you how you react.

**INTERROGATION**: When you interrogate a prisoner to gain
information, roll against their Stamina instead of their Insight.
You get a +1 modifier to your roll for your opponent being
held captive. As opposed to normal persuasion, interrogation
can be used against PCs – actually forcing you to disclose
information whether you as a player want to or not.

**PERSUADING A GROUP**: When you want to Persuade a whole
group, you usually address the group’s leader or spokesperson.

<box round green|NEGOTIATING POSITION>
Your chances of Persuading someone are affected by your
negotiating position. Each of the following factors gives you +1
modifier to the roll: \\
✦ Your request doesn’t cost your opponent anything. \\
✦ Your opponent has suffered damage or stress. \\
✦ Your opponent is in custody or held captive by you. \\
✦ You have helped your opponent previously. \\
✦ You present your case very well (determined by the GM). \\
Each of the following factors gives you a −1 modifier to the roll: \\
✦ Your opponent must take a serious risk or make a sacrifice to
help you. \\
✦ Your opponent has nothing to gain by helping you. \\
✦ You are held captive by your opponent. \\
✦ You are having trouble hearing or understanding each other.
</box>

===== SPECIALTIES =====

While attributes and skills give you the broad strokes of your
competency, specialties represent specific areas of expertise.
Specialties are unique tricks and talents that give you an edge
and keep your adversaries guessing.

You typically start the game with just one or a few specialties, with your choice limited by your archetype. You can learn
more specialties during the game (page 7), without being
limited by your archetype.

This section includes a limited number of general specialties, as the selection of specialties in a specific game are closely
tailored to its setting and theme. The specialties listed here
should be considered examples only.

<box round green|TIERED SPECIALTIES>
In most YZE games, specialties are not rated – you either have
them or you don’t. Some games, however, have specialties tiered
in ranks – usually three. Each rank gives you additional bonuses
or effects. Tiered specialties give the game more complexity and
“crunch.” Low-crunch games don’t even need specialties at all.
</box>

==== BODYGUARD ====

If someone within Short range of you is hit by an attack, you
can dive in to take the hit. Roll for Mobility. It doesn’t count
as an action in combat. If you roll one or more successes, you
take the hit instead of your friend. You can push the roll.

==== COMPASSION ====

You can push any skill roll based on Empathy twice, not just
once like other characters.

==== FAST REFLEXES ====

You can draw two initiative cards instead of one during the
initiative draw. Choose the one you want to use.

==== FIELD SURGEON ====

You know the delicate art of stopping a wound from bleeding
or treating grave injuries. You get a +1 modifier to Healing
when treating someone who is about to die from a critical
injury.

==== FLYWEIGHT ====

When you block in close combat, you can use Agility instead
of Strength.

==== GUT FEELING ====

You have a knack for sensing when trouble is coming your
way. You can roll for Observation using Empathy instead of
Wits to detect an approaching threat.

==== HARDENED ====

Your maximum Resolve score is increased by 1. You can take
this specialty up to three times.

==== HARD HITTER ====

You get a +1 modification to Melee Combat if you sacrifice
your fast action in the round.

==== HEALER ====

You are very resilient and recover quickly from injuries. The
healing time of critical injuries is halved for you.

==== INQUISITIVE ====

You can push any skill roll based on Wits twice, not just once
like other characters.

==== KILLER ====

You know where to strike to make your enemy fall and not
get up. Ever. When your enemy sustains a critical injury you
may roll twice and choose the result you want.

==== LUCKY ====

No matter what horrible situations you end up in, you always
seem to make it out unscathed. When you suffer a critical
injury, you get to re-roll the dice and choose the result that
you prefer.

==== MENACING ====

You have a scary physical presence that makes it easy to
intimidate people. You can roll for Persuasion using Strength
instead of Empathy when you threaten someone.

==== MERCILESS ====

You can perform a coup de grace without rolling for Empathy.

==== MUSICIAN ====

You get a +1 modifier to all Persuasion rolls in situations
where singing or playing an instrument is helpful. The GM has
final say.

<box round green|WILLPOWER SPECIALTiES>
Some Year Zero Engine games include specialties that require
Willpower Points to use (page 30). Such specialties are typically reserved for specific archetypes or character classes.
</box>

==== PACK MULE ====

Your carry limit is increased by +2.

==== QUICK DRAW ====

You can draw your weapon so quickly it doesn’t cost you an
action.

==== RECKLESS ====

You can push any skill roll based on Agility twice, not just
once like other characters.

==== SECOND WIND ====

When you are broken, you can get back on your feet immediately. Roll for Stamina. You cannot push the roll. For every
success you roll, you get one point of Health or Resolve back
(or attribute point, if using attribute damage). You can only
use this specialty once while broken, and it has no effect
against critical injuries.

==== SNIPER ====

You get a +1 modifier to Marksmanship rolls when firing
a single shot (not full auto) at Long range or more, from a
hidden position.

==== TOUGH ====

Your maximum Health score is increased by 1. You can take
this specialty up to three times.

==== TRUE GRIT ====

You can push any skill roll based on Strength twice, not just
once like other characters.

==== WEAPON SPECIALIST ====

You’re an expert at using a certain type of weapon. When you
use this type of weapon, you get a +1 modifier. You can choose
this specialty several times, once for each weapon type. You
can be a specialist at fighting unarmed.

<box round green|MAGIC SPECIALTIES>
In YZE games that include magic, each discipline of magic is typically a specialty of its own. Such specialties of magic are usually tiered (page 13) and use Willpower Points (page 30).
</box>

====== 4. COMBAT & DAMAGE ======

Combat is deadly in most Year Zero Engine games. Before you
enter a fight, you should always ask yourself: Is it worth it?

===== MAPS & ZONES =====

A violent conflict is typically played out using a map of the
location where your characters happen to find themselves
fighting for their lives.

The map is divided into zones. A zone is typically a room,
a corridor, or an area of ground. How big a zone is varies –
from a few steps across up to about 25 meters. A zone is generally smaller in a cramped environment than in open terrain.

In pre-made scenario material, zones are usually indicated
on a location map. In random encounters created on the fly, the
GM can make a quick sketch of the area or simply describe it.

<box round green|PLAYING WITHOUT MAPS>
Although maps can be useful, you can always choose not to use
them and let certain conflicts play out only in the “theater of the
mind.” This can be a good solution in close quarters conflicts
between a small number of combatants.
</box>

==== ZONE FEATURES ====

Zones can have various features, which affect actions performed within them. Here are some examples:

**CLUTTERED**: The zone is covered by dense undergrowth or
filled with debris of some sort. You must roll for Mobility
when you move into the zone. Failure means you manage to
get into the zone, but you fall down.

**DIMLY LIT**: The zone is dimly lit. Observation rolls in the zone
get a −2 modifier. Ranged attacks into the zone also suffer a
−2 modifier, and can’t pass through the zone.

**CRAMPED**: A crawlspace or narrow tunnel. In a cramped
zone, you can only crawl, not run. You also cannot move or
shoot past individuals next to you against targets behind them.

==== BORDERS & LINE OF SIGHT ====

The border between two adjacent zones can be open or
blocked by a wall. A blocked border can have a door or a
hatch, as indicated by the map, allowing movement between
the two zones.

Open borders don’t block vision or movement. A blocked
border generally blocks line of sight even if there is a door or
hatch in it – unless you’re actively standing by the doorway
and peeking through.

==== RANGE CATEGORIES ====

The distance between you and your opponents is divided into
five range categories. See the adjacent table.

^ RANGE   ^ DESCRIPTION ^
| Engaged | Right next to you |
| Short   | A few meters away, in the same zone as you |
| Medium  | Up to 25 meters away, in an adjacent zone |
| Long    | Up to about one hundred meters (four zones) away |
| Extreme | Up to about one kilometer |

===== ROUNDS & INITIATIVE =====

Combat is played out in rounds, each roughly 5–10 seconds
long. When combat begins, the first step is to determine who
has the initiative. Do this before anyone rolls dice for an
action.

==== DRAWING INITIATIVE ====

Grab ten cards, numbered 1 through 10. A suit of any normal deck of cards works fine if you remove the face cards
and count the ace as 1.

Each player taking part in the conflict, either voluntarily
or involuntarily, draws a card and the GM draws one card
for each NPC (or group). This is called drawing the initiative. The number on the card determines the order in which
you act in the conflict.
Participants act in order from lowest to highest number,

beginning with card #1, until everyone has taken their turn.
Place your initiative card by your character sheet, so everyone can see in which order you all act. The GM places their
initiative card(s) in front of them.

When all the participants in the combat have acted
once, the round is over, and a new round begins. The round
order remains the same throughout the whole conflict –
drawing initiative is only done once, at the start of the first
round.

==== SURPRISE ====

If you initiate combat with an attack that the GM deems fully
surprising, you get to choose any initiative you want instead of
drawing a random card. All other combatants – including others on your side – draw initiative normally. Also see Ambushes
(page 17).

==== EXCHANGING INITIATIVE ====

During a fight, you can exchange your initiative card – and
thus your initiative – with another player character or NPC,
whose turn has not yet come up in the current round (if such
a character exists). This must be declared on your turn, before
you perform any action.

The other character cannot resist this exchange, and must
take their turn immediately. A character is not allowed to
immediately exchange their initiative when just given a new
one. They may, however, exchange this new initiative in the
following Round.

<box round green|HIDDEN INITIATIVE>
As an alternative rule to create more uncertainty, you can keep
initiative cards secret. The GM then calls out initiative numbers,
starting at #1, and each combatant shows their card and performs their actions once their number comes up. In this variant,
the initiative must be drawn again at the start of each round.
</box>

==== YOUR TURN ====

The point in the initiative order at which you act is called your
turn. The phrase “your next turn” means the next upcoming
point in the initiative order at which you normally act, whether that happens to be in the current round or the next round
(if your turn in the current Round has already passed). The
phrase “your previous turn” means your latest previous point
in the initiative order, whether it was in the current round or
the previous round.

==== NPC INITIATIVE ====

For a group of NPCs with identical stats, the GM can, if they
want, draw one initiative card for the group instead of one per
individual. All the NPCs in that group act at the same point in
the round order. In what order they act individually within the
group is up to the GM.

<box round green|MARK YOUR ACTIONS>
Because helping and reactive actions occur out of turn, it can be
hard to keep track of how many actions the combatants have
performed. A tip is to keep track of this by turning the initiative
card 90 degrees for every performed action. Turn it to the left for
a fast action and to the right for a slow action, and all the way
around 180 degrees once both actions in the turn are used up.
All actions are refreshed at the start of each round.
</box>

===== SLOW & FAST ACTIONS =====

On your turn, you can perform one slow action and one fast
action, or two fast actions. See the lists of typical slow and fast
actions on page 16.

**FREE ACTIONS**: Dropping to the ground or shouting a few words
are called free actions – they don’t count toward your two actions
for the round, but you can only do them on your own turn.

==== DESCRIBE YOUR ACTIONS ====

When it’s your turn to act, simply state which actions you
wish to perform and roll dice if needed to see if you are successful. Some actions will give your opponent the opportunity
to perform a reactive action that breaks the turn order.

==== HELPING OTHERS ====

If you wish to help another player character or NPC perform
an action (page 11), it costs you one action of the same kind
(slow or fast). You must state you are trying to help someone
before any dice are rolled. Helping others occurs out of turn,
i.e. it breaks the initiative order in the round.

**SLOW ACTIONS**
^ ACTION ^ PREREQUISITE ^ SKILL ^
| Crawl | You are prone | — |
| Close combat attack | — | Melee |
| Shoot ranged weapon | Ranged weapon | Marksmanship |
| Reload | Firearm | — |
| First aid | Broken or dying victim | Healing |
| Persuade | Your opponent can hear you | Persuasion |

**FAST ACTIONS**
^ FAST ACTION ^ PREREQUISITE ^ SKILL ^
| Run | No Engaged enemy | Mobility (in cluttered zone) |
| Move through door/hatch | — | — |
| Get up | You are prone | — |
| Draw weapon | — | — |
| Block attack | Attacked in close combat | Melee |
| Grapple attack | You’ve grappled an opponent | Melee |
| Retreat | Engaged enemy | Mobility |
| Aim | Ranged weapon | — |
| Seek cover | Cover in same zone | — |
| Enter/exit vehicle | Vehicle | — |
| Start engine | Vehicle | — |
| Grab the wheel | Vehicle | — |
| Drive | Vehicle | Mobility |
| Use item | Varies | Varies |

===== MOVEMENT =====

To move during combat, you can spend a fast action to move
from one zone to a neighboring zone or between Short and
Engaged range from an enemy or PC in the same zone you
are already in. No roll is required to move, unless it’s into a
Cluttered zone.

**CRAWLING**: Moving while prone, i.e. crawling, is a slow ac-
tion. That means you can’t crawl twice in the same round. In a
Cramped zone, crawling is the only movement possible.

**CLOSE COMBAT**: If you have an active enemy at Engaged
range, you can’t just walk away from them. Instead, you must
retreat (page 17).

**DOORS & HATCHES**: You can open an unlocked door or
hatch with a fast action. A locked door or hatch can be broken down. A typical wooden door or hatch can take 5 points
of damage before it gives in. More sturdy doors require more
force, and also have an armor rating (page 21).

**CHASES**: In chases, on foot or using vehicles, movement is also
managed differently. See page 27.

**VEHICLES**: Movement for vehicles is handled with special
rules. Read more on page 26.

==== RETREAT ====

If you have an active enemy at Engaged range and there is
no barrier between you, you must make a Mobility roll to
move away from your adversary. If you fail, you still move
but your enemy gets an immediate, free close combat attack
against you. The free attack occurs out of turn order and it
doesn’t count toward their actions in the round. You cannot
block it.

===== AMBUSHES & SNEAK ATTACKS =====

The key to winning a conflict is often attacking when your enemy
least expects it. You can achieve this in several different ways.

**SNEAK ATTACK**: When you sneak up on someone undetected
and perform an attack, it is called a sneak attack. First you
make a Stealth roll. Moving close enough to attack in melee
combat (Engaged range) gives you a −2 modifier. If you fail,
the enemy notices you – draw initiative.

If you succeed, your attack counts as surprising, which
means that you can choose any initiative card you want. For
a close combat sneak attack, you also get a +3 modifier, and
the target cannot block the attack. Sneak attacks are always
performed individually, by one attacker against one target.

**AMBUSH**: A special kind of sneak attack is an ambush – lying
in wait for an enemy and attacking as it passes by. In this case,
each victim makes an Observation roll to spot the ambush,
with a −2 modifier if the attackers are well prepared. All those
who fail get the bottom cards (counting from #10 and up),
randomly drawn.

===== CLOSE COMBAT =====

When you attack in close combat, use the Melee skill. Close
combat happens at Engaged range from your target. There
can be no barrier between you and your target. If there is, you
must first cross the barrier. Cover has no effect against close
combat attacks.

**DAMAGE**: If your roll succeeds, you hit your adversary and
inflict your weapon’s base damage rating on them. Each extra
success will increase the damage by 1.

**STANCE**: If you are prone, your close combat attacks get a
−2 modifier. Getting up is a fast action. Close combat attacks
against a prone target get a +2 modifier.

**DEFENSELESS TARGET**: If you attack a defenseless or unaware
target, you get a +3 modifier. This is not further increased if
the target is prone.

==== SPECIAL ATTACKS ====

In close combat, you might want to achieve a different result
than simply hurting your opponent. This must be declared
before you roll any dice, and it can only be done if you fight
unarmed.

✦ You wrestle a hand-held item from your opponent’s grasp.
You can keep the item or throw it into an adjacent zone as
part of the attack. \\
✦ You trip your opponent to the ground. \\
✦ You push your opponent to Short range. \\
✦ You pin your enemy in a tight clinch. See Grappling, below.

**GRAPPLING**: If you successfully grapple your opponent, both
you and your opponent fall to the ground. The opponent
drops any weapon they were holding, and cannot move. The
only action they can perform is an attempt to break free –
which is a slow action that succeeds if the opponent wins an
opposed Melee roll against you. While you are grappling, the
only action you can perform (apart from releasing your opponent) is a grapple attack. This works as a normal unarmed
attack, but is a fast action and cannot be blocked.

**DIVING BLOW**: If you, in a single round, first move into
Engaged range of an enemy and then attack them with an unarmed blow, you get a +2 modifier to the attack. This is called
a diving blow. If the attack hits, you inflict damage normally,
and both you and the target fall prone. If the attack fails, only
you fall to the ground.

==== BLOCKING =====

When an enemy attacks you in close combat, you can roll for
Melee to block their attack to avoid being hit. This is a fast
action. You must declare that you are attempting to block the
attack before the attacker rolls for their strike. This effectively turns the attack into an opposed roll (page 11). Every
success you roll eliminates one from the attacker’s roll. Excess
successes have no effect.

**BLOCKING UNARMED**: If you are unarmed, you can only block
unarmed attacks from other humanoids. To block an armed close
combat attack, or an attack by an animal or beast of some type,
you need to wield some kind of sturdy weapon or tool.

**ACTIONS**: Blocking breaks the turn order, but it does count
against your two available actions in the round (one slow
and one fast). For every block you perform, you get one less
action when it is your turn, and once you have used both your
actions during the round for blocks, you can no longer block
further attacks. All actions are refreshed at the beginning of
each new round. You can save unused actions to block later in
the round, but never from one round to the next.

CLOSE COMBAT MODIFIERS
^ FACTOR ^ MODIFIER ^
| Attacker prone | −2 |
| Target prone | +2 |
| Defenseless target | +3 |
| Diving blow | +2 |

===== RANGED COMBAT =====

To attack someone with a hand-held ranged weapon, roll for
Marksmanship, except for thrown weapons, which use Mobility. To draw a weapon is a fast action, while firing a weapon is
a slow action.

**DAMAGE**: If your attack succeeds, you hit your target and
inflict your weapon’s base damage rating on them. Each extra
success increases the damage by 1.

**RANGE**: The weapons tables indicate the range of each weap-
on, i.e. the maximum range category at which the weapon can
be used. The farther away your target is, the harder it is to
hit. At Medium range you get a −1 modification, and at Long
range you get −2. At Engaged range you get −3, because it’s
hard to draw a bead on an opponent that close. You don’t get
this penalty if you fire at a defenseless or unwitting enemy –
instead, you get a +3 modification.

**TARGET SIZE**: Firing at a large target, such as a vehicle, gives a
+2 modifier to the attack. Firing at a small object, such a hatch
or a hand-held item, gives a −2 modifier.

**UNSEEN TARGET**: If you can’t see your target (because of
darkness or cover) but still have a good idea of where they are,
you can still fire, but with a −2 modifier.

==== AIMED FIRE ====

If you take your time to aim carefully before squeezing the
trigger, you get a +2 to your attack roll. Aiming is a fast
action. If you do anything else except shoot your weapon after
you have aimed, or if you are hurt, you lose the effect of the
aim and you need to spend another fast action to aim again.

**TELESCOPIC SIGHT**: If your weapon has a telescopic sight,
you can aim as a slow action and get a further +1 bonus (for
a total of +3). Note that you cannot slow aim and fire in the
same round.

RANGED FIRE MODIFIERS
^ FACTOR ^ MODIFIER ^
| Aimed shot | +2 |
| Target Engaged | −3/+3 |
| Short range | — |
| Medium range | −1 |
| Long range | −2 |
| Extreme range | −3 |
| Large target | +2 |
| Small target | −2 |
| Dim light | −1 |
| Darkness | −2 |

==== AMMUNITION ====

Ammunition for firearms can be handled in different ways,
depending on the technological level of the game setting and
level of complexity you want in your game. You can count every bullet, handle ammunition via supply rolls (page 7), or
use the more extensive ammo dice system (see the sidebar on
page 19). Simple single-shot weapons need to be reloaded
after each shot. Reloading a firearm is a slow action.

==== BOWS & SLINGSHOTS ====

Bows and slingshots cannot be “reloaded” as such – instead,
you need to spend a fast action to prepare the weapon by
nocking an arrow or placing a stone in your sling. Once you
have readied your weapon, you can’t do anything except shoot
or aim (above) – if you do anything else, you must prepare the
weapon again before you can shoot. Crossbows don’t need to
be prepared in this manner. They can be carried loaded as a
firearm, and loading it is a slow action.

==== FULL-AUTO FIRE ====

Some weapons are capable of full automatic fire. The rules to use
for this, or even whether to have specific rules for it at all, depend
on the level of complexity you want. A basic version follows
below. For more complex rules, see the sidebar for ammo dice.

**BASIC AUTOFIRE**: A burst of auto fire counts as a normal
ranged attack, but if you hit, you may immediately make another attack against the same target or a different one. If you
hit again, you may make a third attack. Even if this also hits,
you don’t get more attacks. After all attacks are resolved, you
must make a supply roll (page 7) for ammunition.

<box round green|AMMO DICE>
If you want more detail and complexity for managing firearms,
you can use the ammo dice system. Ammo dice are always D6s,
and should have a separate color from base dice. In this system,
all firearms have a rate of fire (RoF) rating, from 2 for a typical
pistol to 5 or 6 for full-auto weapons.
You can add as many ammo dice to your attack as you like,
from zero up to RoF or the number of rounds left in the magazine
minus one, whichever is lower. For example, if you have three
rounds left, you can add up to two ammo dice. If you have only
one round left, you cannot add any ammo dice to our roll. In this
case, or if you choose to use no ammo dice, only one (1) round of
ammunition is used in the attack.
Rolling a 6 on an ammo die is a success just like with a D6
base die, but successes on ammo dice do not contribute to hitting
your target. Instead, if your attack hits (checking only the base
dice), each success your ammo dice can be used to either increase the damage by one step or to trigger an additional hit on
the same target or on a secondary target in the same zone. Each
additional hit inflicts base damage and the damage is increased
by one for each further success you spend on it.
After your roll, you sum up the D6 digits on all of your ammo
dice, then add one (1) to the result. This sum is the total amount
of ammunition you have spent on the attack. If the sum on your
ammo dice is equal to or more than the number of rounds you
have left in the magazine, your magazine is completely emptied.
</box>

==== OVERWATCH ====

As a fast action, you can assume an overwatch position in a specified
direction, as long as you have a ranged weapon and no enemies
within Engaged range. This means that you aim in the specified
direction and are ready to shoot. Between the time you assume the
overwatch position and your time to act in the next round, you can
fire your weapon against a target in the chosen direction.

You can fire whenever you want in the turn order, and
your shot is resolved before all other actions – even if they
are already declared. For example, if an enemy in the direction you are aiming declares that they want to fire a weapon,
you can shoot first. The enemy is not allowed to change their
attack after your overwatch attack.

Firing when in overwatch position counts as a normal
attack (a slow action). Therefore, you must save your slow action in the round for any overwatch attack you want to make.

If both you and an enemy assume overwatch positions
against each other, and both choose to fire against each other,
then an opposed Marksmanship roll determines which attack
goes first. This roll does not count as an action for either of you.

**LOSING OVERWATCH**: You keep your overwatch position
until you break it, or any of the following occurs: \\
✦ You perform any action other than overwatch fire. \\
✦ You are attacked in close combat. \\
✦ You suffer damage.

===== WEAPONS =====

Using a weapon will greatly improve your effectiveness in
combat. The table below describes a few typical weapons of
various types. Which exact weapons to include in your game
depends greatly on the setting of the game. The features used
in the weapon tables are explained below.

**GRIP**: Indicates if you need one or two hands to wield the
weapon. A two-handed weapon can’t be combined with
a shield, and some critical injuries will prohibit the use of
two-handed weapons.

**BONUS**: Indicates any bonus base dice you get when using the
weapon. This bonus can be reduced by damage or by pushing
rolls (page 9). If the bonus is reduced to zero, the weapon
breaks and needs to be repaired using the Crafting skill.

**DAMAGE**: Indicates your base damage rating, i.e. how many
points of damage your opponent suffers if your attack is successful. If you roll extra successes, you deal additional damage.

**RANG**E: Indicates the maximum range category at which the
weapon can be used.

**WEIGHT**: Indicates how many regular items the weapon
counts as in the inventory list.

<box round green|OTHER RATINGS>
In some YZE games, weapons have additional ratings. Examples
are listed below: \\
✦ CRIT THRESHOLD: If you inflict damage equal to or in excess of
the Crit threshold in a single attack, you inflict a critical injury
(page 21) on the target, even if they are not broken by the
damage. \\
✦ CRIT DIE: In some YZE systems, the weapon indicates which
die roll to roll to determine which critical injury is inflicted. \\
✦ RATE OF FIRE: This rating is used for the ammo dice rules for
firearms (page 19).
</box>

**WEAPONS**
^ WEAPON           ^ GRIP ^ BONUS ^ DAMAGE ^ RANGE   ^ WEIGHT ^
| Unarmed          | —    | —     | 1      | Engaged | —      |
| Blunt instrument | 1H   | +1    | 1      | Engaged | 1      |
| Knife            | 1H   | +1    | 2      | Engaged | ½      |
| Club             | 1H   | +2    | 1      | Engaged | 1      |
| Sword            | 1H   | +2    | 2      | Engaged | 1      |
| Battleaxe        | 2H   | +2    | 3      | Engaged | 2      |
| Spear            | 1H   | +1    | 2      | Short   | 1      |
| Rock             | 1H   | —     | 1      | Medium  | ¼      |
| Sling            | 1H   | +1    | 1      | Medium  | ½      |
| Bow              | 2H   | +1    | 1      | Long    | 1      |
| Pistol           | 1H   | +2    | 2      | Medium  | ½      |
| Rifle            | 2H   | +2    | 2      | Long    | 1      |

===== DAMAGE & STRESS =====

Damage and stress to characters is managed differently in
different versions of the YZE. It can reduce your Health and
Resolve scores, directly reduce your attributes, or give you
conditions (page 21).

==== SUFFERING DAMAGE & STRESS ====

You can suffer damage in many ways. These are the most
common: \\
**✦ PUSHING**: How pushing rolls can inflict damage and stress
is described on page 9. Armor has no effect against
damage from pushing. \\
**✦ ATTACKS**: Whenever you attack someone in combat, you
inflict damage equal to the base damage rating of the
weapon, plus one additional point of damage for each
extra success rolled beyond the first. The same goes for
damage from explosions, fire, etc. \\
**✦ STRESSFUL SITUATIONS**: When your PC is subjected to fear
or a stressful situation, the GM determines the potential stress
inflicted (see the table on page 20). You then make an Insight roll (not an action) – each success rolled eliminates one
point of potential stress. You can push the roll, but at the risk
of suffering even more stress if you get any on the re-roll.

<box round green|ATTRIBUTE DAMAGE>
In some YZE games, damage is inflicted directly on your core attributes. When pushing a roll, you suffer damage to the attribute
rolled for. Only base dice from the attribute count, not from skills.
Physical attacks typically reduce your Strength, but some
phenomena can target the other attributes as well. In a game
using attribute damage, “damage” means damage to Strength
unless otherwise specified.
Games with attribute damage don’t use the term “stress” –
instead, stressful situations inflict damage to your Wits.
</box>

**STRESSFUL SITUATIONS**
^ FACTOR                                                      ^ STRESS ^
| Being threatened with violence                              | 1      |
| Seeing a friendly character suffer a lethal critical injury | 1      |
| Seeing something unnatural                                  | 1      |
| Seeing a friendly character die                             | 2      |
| Being interrogated                                          | 2      |
| Facing a frightening supernatural being                     | 2      |
| Witnessing a massacre                                       | 3      |
| Being tortured                                              | 3      |
| Witnessing a horrible supernatural event                    | 3      |

==== BODY ARMOR ====

Body armor can protect you from damage. Armor doesn’t
provide protection from other kinds of damage, or from damage you inflict on yourself when you push a roll. The effect of
armor is determined by its armor rating. In a dice pool YZE
game, this is a numerical value. In a step dice system, this is a
rating from A to D just like attributes and skills (page 5).

When you suffer damage from a physical attack, roll a
number of base dice equal to the armor rating (dice pool) or
two base dice corresponding to the armor rating (step dice).
Every success you roll decreases the damage by one. This roll
does not count as an action and cannot be pushed.

**DEGRADING ARMOR**: If any damage penetrates your armor,
its armor rating is decreased – every bane you rolled reduces
the armor rating by one step. If the armor absorbs all the damage, any banes rolled have no effect. Armor can be repaired by
using the Crafting skill.

==== COVER ====

When enemies are shooting at you, hunkering down behind
cover – preferably something solid – can save your life. Taking
cover in the zone you’re in counts as a fast action. Cover has an
armor rating and works exactly like armor – but only against
ranged attacks. Cover can be degraded just like armor. Cover
can be combined with armor – roll for cover first, then armor.

**COVER**
^ BARRIER     ^ ARMOR RATING ^
| Furniture   | 3/D          |
| Wooden Door | 4/C          |
| Tree Trunk  | 5/C          |
| Wooden Wall | 6/B          |
| Stone Wall  | 8/A          |

===== CONDITIONS =====

Some YZE games manage damage and trauma via conditions.
Typically, these are divided into the three physical conditions
and three mental conditions: \\
**✦ PHYSICAL CONDITIONS**: Exhausted, Battered, Wounded \\
**✦ MENTAL CONDITIONS**: Angry, Scared, Disheartened

==== GETTING CONDITIONS ====

You can get conditions by pushing a dice roll (page 9).
When pushing a roll for Strength or Agility, you get a physical
condition of your choice. When pushing a roll for Wits or
Empathy, you get a mental condition of your choice.

**DAMAGE & STRESS**: Damage from external attacks gives
you one physical condition of your choice for each point of
damage. Stressful situations give you a number of mental
conditions equal to the amount of potential stress (page 20),
reduced by one for each success on an Insight roll.

==== EFFECTS OF CONDITIONS ====

Each physical condition you have gives you a −1 modifier to
skills rolls using Strength or Agility, while each mental condition gives you −1 to rolls for Wits or Empathy. When you
already have three conditions of the same type and acquire a
fourth one, you become broken and sustain a critical injury of
the relevant type (page 21).

===== BROKEN =====

In most YZE games, your PC can be broken by damage or
stress. Being broken basically means you are taken out of
action, and you might risk even lethal injuries. When broken,
you can’t perform any actions or roll for any skills.

==== GETTING BROKEN ====

How you get broken depends on the specific damage system
used: \\
**✦ HEALTH & RESOLVE**: In a system using Health and Resolve (page 5), you are broken if either of these scores
are reduced to zero by damage or stress. \\
**✦ ATTRIBUTE DAMAGE**: In a system using attribute damage,
you are broken if any attribute is reduced to zero. \\
**✦ CONDITIONS**: In a system using conditions (page 21),
you are broken when you have suffered a set number of
physical or mental conditions.

==== MORE DAMAGE ====

You can’t go below zero in Health, Resolve, or any attribute.
If you suffer further damage, you may suffer an additional
critical injury however.

==== RECOVERY ====
Being broken is not fatal in itself – only critical injuries (page
21) can actually kill you. There are two ways to recover
after being broken, assuming you’re not dead.

**GETTING HELP**: Someone can help you recover by using the
Healing skill. This is a slow action. If the roll is successful,
you immediately heal damage or stress equal to the number
of successes rolled. The Healing roll only has this effect on a
broken victim.

**ON YOUR OWN**: If no one is around to help you, you automatically heal one point of damage or stress after one Shift
has passed.

**NOT BROKEN?** If you are not broken, you heal one point
of damage or stress per shift. This assumes that you are not
starving, dehydrated, or hypothermic (page 25). You can
heal damage and stress at the same time.

<box round green|BROKEN NPCS>
NPCs can be broken in the same ways as PCs. An NPC can
use Healing on a PC and vice versa. However, dice are usually
not rolled when an NPC heals another NPC – instead, the GM
decides what happens. The GM can also decide that a minor NPC
who is broken by damage simply dies.
</box>

===== CRITICAL INJURIES =====

Critical injuries are dangerous, even lethal, injuries to your
body or mind. The way you suffer critical injuries varies between YZE games. Here are some examples: \\
✦ You suffer a physical critical injury when your Health is
reduced to zero, and a mental critical injury when your
Resolve is reduced to zero \\
✦ You suffer a physical critical injury when your Strength
is reduced to zero, and a mental critical injury when your
Wits is reduced to zero. \\
✦ You suffer a physical critical injury when you are broken
by physical conditions, and a mental critical injury when
you are broken by mental conditions. \\
✦ You suffer a physical critical injury when an attack against
you inflicts damage equal to or in excess of the Crit threshold of the weapon. \\
✦ You suffer a physical critical injury when an attack against
you rolls two or more successes.

<box round green|PUSHED DAMAGE>
There is one case where you don’t risk any critical injury when
broken: when you push a roll so hard that you break yourself.
This is very rare, but it can happen. This means you can never
kill yourself by pushing a roll.
</box>

==== ROLLING FOR THE CRIT ====

When you suffer a critical injury, roll on a table to see what it
is. Sample tables for physical and mental critical injuries can be
found on page 22 and 23. In some YZE games, the weapon
used determines which dice to roll to determine the critical injury.

==== DEATH ====

Physical critical injuries can be lethal. If you suffer such an injury, you must make a death save when the listed time limit has
passed – one round, stretch, or shift. If the time limit is round,
make the roll on your next turn. The death save is not an action
in itself.

A death save is a roll for Stamina. If a death save fails,
you die. If you succeed, you linger on, but you must make
another death save when the listed amount of time has
passed again.

**STABILIZING CRITS**: To stabilize a lethal critical injury and
save your life, one or more Healing rolls must be made. Medical gear can give positive modifiers to the roll.

The Healing roll takes the same amount of time to perform as
the time limit of your critical injury. If the roll succeeds, the time
limit of your crit is increased by one category (e.g., from round
to stretch). When a crit with a time limit of a shift is successfully
treated, you no longer risk dying and you don’t need to make any
further death saves. If the Healing roll fails, trying again is allowed
– but only after another death save has been made.

**BROKEN**: If you are both broken and have sustained a lethal
critical injury, two separate Healing rolls are needed: one to
get you back on your feet, and another one to save your life.
These two rolls can be made in whichever order you prefer.

**INSTANT KILL**: Note that some critical injuries will kill you
outright. If you gain any of these, your character dies immediately. No death save is allowed.

==== HEALING CRITS ====

Each critical injury has a specific effect that you suffer during
the healing time indicated, which is measured in days. If you
have several crits, they will heal simultaneously. If an injury is
listed as permanent, it will never heal.

**SKILL MODIFIERS**: Skill roll modifiers due to critical injuries
are cumulative, and apply even if you don’t have the skill.

**CARE**: If someone tends to you for a shift per day during the
process of healing a critical injury and makes a Healing roll,
that day counts double.

**DAMAGE**: Note that you can heal all of your damage, but still
suffer the effects of a critical injury.

<box round green|OTHER TYPES OF DAMAGE>
For some special types of physical damage – for example from
fire, cold, starvation, etc. – the critical damage table is not used.
Instead, the effects of being broken by these forms of damage
are described in the relevant rules section below.
</box>

**CRITICAL INJURIES – PHYSICAL**
^ D66 ^ INJURY ^ LETHAL ^ TIMELIMIT ^ EFFECTS ^ HEALING TIME ^
| 11 | Winded | No | — | None. | — |
| 12 | Stunned | No | — | None. | — |
| 13 | Crippling pain | No | — | None. | — |
| 14 | Sprained ankle | No | — | Mobility −2 and movement is a slow action until a Healing roll is made. | — |
| 15 | Blood in eyes | No | — | Observation and Marksmanship −2 until a Healing roll is made. | — |
| 16 | Concussion | No | — | Mobility −2. | D6 |
| 21 | Severed ear | No | — | Observation −2. | D6 |
| 22 | Broken toes | No | — | Movement becomes a slow action. | D6 |
| 23 | Broken hand | No | — | Hand cannot be used. | D6 |
| 24 | Knocked out teeth | No | — | Persuasion −2. | D6 |
| 25 | Impaled thigh | No | — | Movement becomes a slow action. | 2D6 |
| 26 | Slashed shoulder | No | — | Arm cannot be used. | D6 |
| 31 | Broken nose | No | — | Persuasion and Observation −1. | D6 |
| 32 | Crotch hit | No | — | One point of damage for every Mobility or Melee roll made. | D6 |
| 33 | Broken ribs | No | — | Mobility and Observation −2. | 2D6 |
| 34 | Gouged eye | No | — | Marksmanship and Observation −2. | 2D6 |
| 35 | Busted kneecap | No | — | Movement becomes a slow action. | 2D6 |
| 36 | Broken arm | No | — | Arm cannot be used. | 2D6 |
| 41 | Broken leg | No | — | Movement becomes a slow action. | 2D6 |
| 42 | Crushed foot | No | — | Movement becomes a slow action. | 3D6 |
| 43 | Crushed elbow | No | — | Arm cannot be used. | 3D6 |
| 44 | Punctured lung | Yes | Shift | Stamina and Mobility −2. | D6 |
| 45 | Bleeding gut | Yes | Shift | One point of damage for every Mobility or Melee roll made. | D6 |
| 46 | Ruptured intestines | Yes | Shift | Disease with virulence 6. | 2D6 |
| 51 | Busted kidney | Yes | Day | Mobility −2 and movement is a slow action. | 2D6 |
| 52 | Severed arm artery | Yes −1 | Stretch | Arm cannot be used. | D6 |
| 53 | Severed leg artery | Yes −1 | Stretch | Movement becomes a slow action. | D6 |
| 54 | Severed arm | Yes −1 | Shift | Arm cannot be used. | Permanent |
| 55 | Severed leg | Yes −1 | Shift | Movement becomes a slow action. | Permanent |
| 56 | Cracked spine | No | — | Paralyzed from the neck down. If no Healing roll is made in time, the effect is permanent. | 3D6 |
| 61 | Ruptured jugular | Yes −1 | Round | Stamina −1. | 2D6 |
| 62 | Ruptured aorta | Yes −2 | Round | Stamina −2. | 3D6 |
| 63 | Disemboweled | Yes | — | Instant death. | — |
| 64 | Crushed skull | Yes | — | Your story ends here. | — |
| 65 | Pierced head | Yes | — | You die immediately. | — |
| 66 | Impaled heart | Yes | — | Your heart beats for the last time. | — |

**CRITICAL INJURIES – MENTAL**
^ D66 ^ TRAUMA ^ EFFECTS ^ HEALING TIME ^
| 11–16 | Trembling | Modifier −1 on all Agility-based rolls. | D6 |
| 21 | White hair | None. | Permanent | 
| 22–24 | Anxious | Modifier −1 on all Wits-based rolls. | D6 |
| 25–31 | Sullen | Modifier −1 on all Empathy-based rolls. | D6 |
| 32–35 | Nightmares | Make an Insight roll every shift spent sleeping. Failure means that the sleep doesn’t count. | D6 |
| 36–41 | Nocturnal | You can only sleep during the light part of the day. | 2D6 |
| 42–43 | Phobic | You are terrified by something related to what broke you. The GM decides what it is. You suffer one point of stress / damage to Wits each round within Short range of the object of your phobia. | 2D6 |
| 44–45 | Alcoholic | You must drink alcohol every day, or suffer one point of stress / damage to Agility. | 3D6 |
| 46–51 | Claustrophobic | Every stretch in a confined environment, you suffer one point of stress / damage to Wits. | 2D6 |
| 52 | Mythomaniac | You cannot stop yourself from lying about everything. The effect needs to be roleplayed. | 2D6 |
| 53–54 | Paranoia | You are certain that someone is out to get you. The effect needs to be roleplayed. | 2D6 |
| 55 | Delusion | You are totally convinced of something that is totally untrue, for example that a certain color or item doesn’t exist. | 3D6 |
| 56 | Hallucinations | Make an Insight roll every shift. If you fail, you suffer a powerful hallucination. The GM determines the details. | 3D6 |
| 61–62 | Altered personality | Your personality is altered in a fundamental way. Determine how together with the GM. The effect should be roleplayed. | Permanent |
| 63 | Amnesia | You lose all memory, and cannot recollect who you or the other PCs are. The effect should be roleplayed. | D6 |
| 64-65 | Catatonic | You stare blankly into oblivion, and do not respond to any stimuli. | D6 |
| 66 | Heart attack | Your heart stops, and you die of pure fright. | — |

===== OTHER HAZARDS =====

==== DARKNESS ====

In complete darkness, you have no choice but to feel your
way around. To run in complete darkness requires a successful
Mobility roll, and you take one point of damage if you fail.

You can attack opponents at Engaged range normally in
darkness, but with a −2 modifier. At Short range, you must roll
for Observation successfully (no action) to be able to attack
the target, also with a −2 modifier. You cannot hit targets at
Medium range or more in total darkness.

==== FIRE ====

When exposed to fire, roll for its intensity. In the dice pool system, fires typically range from 3 to 9. In the step dice system,
fire intensities range from D to A, and you roll two base dice
of the corresponding type.

**EFFECT**: For every success rolled for the fire, you suffer one
point of damage. If you take damage, you catch fire and continue to burn. When burning, you suffer another attack each
round, on your turn. The intensity increases by one step each
round. As soon as a fire attack inflicts no damage, the fire goes
out by itself. You, or a friend at Engaged range, can put out
the fire with a successful Mobility roll (slow action). Using a
blanket or similar object gives a +2 modifier.

**CRITS**: Fire doesn’t cause normal critical injuries. Instead, if
you are broken by fire damage, or suffer fire damage when already broken, you must make a death save on your turn every
round until you die or you are saved by a Healing roll.

==== EXPLOSIONS ====

The force of an explosion is measured by its blast power. For
each person within Short range of the blast (i.e., in the same
zone), roll for the blast power. See the table on page 24,
which also indicates the base damage rating of the explosion.
The roll cannot be pushed.

**EFFECT**: If one or more successes are rolled, the target is hit
by the blast and suffers the base damage. The damage done is
increased by one for each additional success rolled beyond the
first. Victims at Engaged range from the detonation suffer one
extra point of damage (a minimum of one point).

**EFFECT RADIUS**: Powerful charges can harm victims even
at Medium range (i.e., adjacent zones) if nothing blocks the
blast. The blast power is then reduced by 6 (dice pool system)
or two steps (step dice system).

**BLAST POWER**
^ DICE POOL ^ STEP DICE ^ BASE DAMAGE ^
| 12        | A         | 4           |
| 9         | B         | 3           |
| 6         | C         | 2           |
| 3         | D         | 1           |

==== FALLING ====

Falling on a hard surface automatically inflicts an amount of
damage to you equal to the height of the fall (in meters) divided
by 2, rounding all fractions down. In a controlled jump, roll Mobility – each success rolled reduces the damage done by one.

==== DROWNING ====

All PCs are assumed to know how to swim. If you end up in
water, you need to make a Stamina roll every stretch to stay
afloat. If you wear metal armor, you sink. Under water, you
need to make a Stamina roll every round to hold your breath.
If you fail, you start to drown and suffer one point of damage
to Strength every round until someone saves you. If you are
broken when drowning, you die after one stretch.

==== POISON ====

Poisons are measured by its toxicity. A weak poison has toxicity 3
(D in the step dice system), a strong poison has toxicity 6 (C), and
an extremely potent poison can have toxicity 9 (B) or even more.
If you ingest poison, make an opposed roll for Stamina
against the toxicity (two base dice of the corresponding type
in the step dice system). If you fail the roll, you suffer its effect
below. Antidotes can halt the effect of a poison.

**LETHAL POISON**: You take one point of damage on your turn
each round until you are broken, at which point you roll again
to resist the poison. If you fail, you die.

**PARALYZING POISON**: You cannot move or perform any
actions for one stretch.

**SLEEPING POISON**: You fall asleep, unable to wake up for a shift.

==== DISEASE ====

When exposed to a dangerous contagion or infection, make
an opposed roll for Stamina against the virulence rating of the
disease. This is called an infection roll. A typical disease has
a virulence of 6 (C in the step dice system, roll two base dice
of the corresponding type), but there are diseases with much
higher virulence.

If you fail the roll, you fall ill, which means you suffer one
point of damage and cannot heal damage. Make another infection roll once per day. Each failed roll means you suffer another
point of damage. If you are broken by damage while sick, you
die after another day if you’re not given aid (below) before then.

As soon as you succeed at an infection roll, you are no
longer ill. Stop rolling infection rolls and heal your damage
normally.

**HEALING**: If you are cared for by someone during your sick-
ness, this person can roll your sickness rolls instead of you.
The healer rolls for their Healing skill with a +2 modifier.

==== COLD ====

When the cold is bitter and you don’t have adequate clothes or
shelter (GM’s discretion), you must roll for Stamina at regular
intervals. The colder it is, the more frequently you need to roll. A
chilly fall day requires a roll per day – in winter, you might have
to roll once every shift or even every stretch in extreme conditions.
Extra protection, like a blanket, can give a bonus to your roll.

If you fail, you become hypothermic and suffer one point
of damage and one point of stress (damage to Strength and
Wits). You also cannot heal naturally. You must keep rolling
for Stamina at the same interval, suffering more damage and
stress each time you fail. If you are broken while hypothermic,
you die the next time you need to roll. Only after you have
warmed up, if only by a campfire, are you able to heal again.

==== STARVATION ====

You must eat a ration of food at least once every day. After a
day without food, you starve. When starving, you don’t heal
damage (Strength) normally. You heal stress (other attributes)
normally. You also suffer one point of damage per week. If you
are broken while Starving, you die after another week without
food. As soon as you have eaten, you are no longer starving.

==== SLEEP DEPRIVATION ====

You need to sleep for at least one shift each day. After one day
without sleep, you cannot heal stress (damage to Wits). If you
are broken by stress (damage to Wits) while sleep deprived,
you collapse and sleep for at least one shift, and are unable
to wake up during that time. As soon as you have slept for at
least a shift, you are no longer sleep deprived.

===== MOUNTS =====

A horse or other riding animal can be a useful asset. The
animal can carry gear for you, and you can take advantage of
being in the saddle during combat.

**MOVEMENT**: Mounts allow you to move faster in combat
than on foot. When making a move action, make a Mobility
roll – for each success, you may move an additional zone.
Mounts generally can’t move into Cramped zones at all. In
Cluttered zones, they can only move one zone per action.

**MOVE**: When you are on horseback and make a Mobility roll,
use the animal’s Agility instead of your own.

**CLOSE COMBAT**: You can fight from horseback, but only with
one-handed weapons. Opponents attacking you must decide if
they attack you or the horse. Attacks against a mounted rider
suffer a −1 penalty.

**RANGED COMBAT**: All ranged attacks from horseback suffer
a −2 modification. Opponents shooting at you must decide if
they attack you or the horse.

**DAMAGE**: Your mount can suffer damage, just like you,
through attacks or by pushing rolls when you are using the
animal’s attribute score. Animals recover damage just like PCs.
An animal that has its Strength reduced to zero does not suffer
a critical injury, instead it is considered perished. Animals
generally don’t have Wits or Empathy.

===== VEHICLES =====

In modern setting games, vehicles can play a big role. Driving
under normal circumstances requires no dice roll but more
advanced maneuvers require a Mobility roll (some YZE games
have a Driving skill).

Getting into or out of a vehicle is typically a slow action.
Getting on or off a motorcycle or bicycle is a fast action. Starting a vehicle is typically a fast action. A few typical vehicles
are listed in the table on page 26.

==== VEHICLE ATTRIBUTES ====

**PASSENGERS**: The number of people that can ride in the vehicle, in addition to the driver.

**MANEUVERABILITY**: A modifier to all skill rolls with this
vehicle. Fast and agile vehicles have higher scores than slow
and heavy ones.

**HULL**: How much damage the vehicle can take before becoming wrecked.

**ARMOR**: The armor rating of the vehicle.

**TRAVEL SPEED**: Indicates the speed of the vehicle on-road / offroad per shift of driving. Read more on page 41.

**TYPICAL VEHICLES**
^ VEHICLE ^ PASSENGERS ^ MANEUVERABILITY ^ HULL ^ ARMOR ^ TRAVEL SPEED ^
| Car | 4 | +1 | 4 | 3 | 10/1 |
| Truck | 3 | — | 8 | 3 | 8/1 |
| Motorcycle | 1 | +2 | 2 | — | 9/2 |
| Dirtbike | 1 | +2 | 2 | — | 6/4 |
| Pickup Truck | 3 | +1 | 3 | 4 | 9/4 |
| Armored Personnel Carrier | 8 | — | 8 | 8 | 8/6 |
| Battle Tank | — | — | 10 | 12 | 7/6 |
| Helicopter | 5 | +3 | 5 | 2 | 40/40 |

==== VEHICLES IN COMBAT ====

When operating a vehicle in combat, you can move one zone
with a fast action just like on foot, and you can move farther
by rolling for a vehicle maneuver, modified by the Maneuverability of the vehicle. For each success, you move one additional zone.

**RAMMING**: Most vehicles can be used as weapons. It counts
as a close combat attack but is rolled for with a driving skill
roll. The base damage rating of the attack equals your vehicle’s
Hull rating divided by two, rounded up.

==== DAMAGE TO VEHICLES ====

Vehicles suffer damage just like people. When a vehicle has
suffered damage equal to or in excess of its Hull rating, it is
wrecked. This means that the vehicle is inoperable – you’ll
need to keep going on foot.

**ARMOR**: Most vehicles have an armor rating. Vehicle armor
works just like body armor (page 20).

**COMPONENT DAMAGE**: If a vehicle suffers damage equal to
half its full Hull rating or more in a single hit, it suffers component damage. See the table on page 27. A component hit
from a melee attack against a vehicle is always rolled with a D6.

**PASSENGERS**: The driver and passengers in a vehicle can be hit
by component damage to a vehicle. If they are visible, they can
also be targeted directly by a ranged attack. In a ground car, this
counts as cover with an armor rating equal to that of the vehicle.

==== AERIAL VEHICLES ====

Aerial vehicles are handled in much the same way as ground
vehicles, with some exceptions:

**ALTITUDE**: At all times, you must keep track of the altitude of
the vehicle, measured in zones. When moving a zone, you can
either move vertically or horizontally, but not both.

**CRASHES**: If an aerial vehicle is wrecked, it crashes violently
to the ground. All people inside suffer D3 points of falling
damage plus one for each zone of altitude, mitigated by the vehicle’s armor rating. You can also brace yourself for the hit by
rolling Mobility – each success reduces the damage by one.

==== REPAIRS ====

Repairing damage to a vehicle requires one or several Crafting
rolls. One roll can be made per shift. Only one person can roll
to repair, but others can help. Each success removes one point
of damage. If the vehicle was wrecked, it is no longer considered wrecked once one point of damage has been repaired.

**COMPONENT DAMAGE**: If the engine or a mounted weapon
has been disabled due to a critical hit, repairing it typically
requires a Crafting roll, in addition to any roll for repairing
hull damage. The work takes one shift.

**CRITICAL VEHICLE DAMAGE**
^ D12 ^ D66 ^ D6 ^ DAMAGE ^ EFFECTS ^
| 1 | 11–13 | 1 | Ricochet | The attack bounces off the vehicle and strikes another random target in the same zone, inflicting the same damage to it. |
| 2 | 14–16 | 2 | Skid | The vehicle skids severely. The driver must make an immediate skill roll (not an action) – failure means that the driver loses their next turn, and is unable to perform any actions. |
| 3 | 21–23 | 3 | Windshield Shattered | The windshield of the vehicle is shattered, reducing the Maneuverability of the vehicle one step. |
| 4 | 24–26 | 4 | Driver Hit | The driver is hit and suffers damage equal to the damage inflicted on the vehicle. |
| 5 | 31–33 | 5 | Passenger Hit | A random passenger is hit and suffers damage equal to the damage inflicted on the vehicle, and a critical injury. Re-roll if no passengers are present. |
| 6 | 34–36 | 6 | Wheel Blown | A wheel or thruster on the vehicle is blown out, giving a −2 modifier to all driving skill rolls. |
| 7 | 41–43 | — | Severe Spin | The attack rocks the vehicle. The driver must make an immediate skill roll (not an action) – failure means that the vehicle crashes and is automatically wrecked. Each passenger then suffers D3 points of falling damage (page 24) plus one for each zone of altitude, mitigated by the vehicle’s armor. |
| 8 | 44–46 | — | Fuel Fire | The vehicle catches fire. The vehicle and everyone inside is exposed to intensity 6 (C) fire. |
| 9 | 51–53 | — | Weapon Disabled | A random weapon mounted on the vehicle is disabled. Re-roll if no weapons are present. |
| 10 | 54–56 | — | Massive Crash | The vehicle careens out of control and crashes violently. It is automatically wrecked, and each passenger suffers D6 points of falling damage plus one for each zone of altitude, mitigated by the vehicle’s armor. |
| 11 | 61–63 | — | Engine Disabled | The engine is disabled, and the vehicle can’t continue. An aerial vehicle can make a controlled landing, losing one zone of altitude per round. |
| 12 | 64–66 | — | Explosion | The vehicle explodes in a ball of flame. Everyone inside is exposed to a blast power 9 (B) explosion, and the vehicle is destroyed beyond repair. |

===== CHASES =====

The rules so far in this chapter mainly deal with a fight
between two parties. A different type of confrontation is the
chase. Chases can be on foot or use vehicles.

==== STARTING THE CHASE ====

A chase can either start directly from a roleplaying situation, or
it can follow directly after combat if someone runs off. In either
case, the GM declares that a chase is now in progress and decides the starting range between the participants, using the table
on page 15 as a reference, up to a maximum of Long range.

Distances in a chase are measured only in range categories
(not zones). Most chases are between just two parties – the
pursuer and their prey. For guidelines on using multiple participants, see the sidebar on page 28.

==== RESOLUTION ====

Chases are played out in rounds like combat, but no initiative
is drawn and normal actions are not performed. Instead, each
participant gets one maneuver each round, chosen in secret
and then revealed, while the GM randomly generates obstacles to place in their way. Obstacles can be rolled up using the
tables on page 29. The following procedure is used each
round of the chase:

1. Each participant selects a maneuver, in secret. \\
2. The GM randomly generates an obstacle and reveals it. \\
3. The pursuer and prey both reveal their maneuver. \\
4. Maneuvers are resolved, with the prey going first and the
pursuer last.

A PC or NPC is allowed to cancel a planned maneuver, but
no other maneuver may be chosen instead – the participant
simply does nothing in the round.

<box round green|RUNNERS vs VEHICLES>
If one participant in a chase is running while the other is in a vehicle, the chase rules work normally – just use the applicable skill for
each participant. In a bustling street environment, it’s not necessarily
faster to be driving, but the driver will be more protected. However,
in a more open environment where the greater speed of a vehicle
comes into play, the participant in a vehicle gets a +2 modifier to all
Pursue/Flee rolls in a chase against an opponent on foot.
</box>

==== CHASE MANEUVERS ====

In each round of a chase, each participant can perform one maneuver, all described below. The maneuvers are chosen secretly
– either using cards or by just writing them on a piece of paper.

Maneuvers require skill rolls. These rolls can be affected
by the chase obstacle revealed by the GM before the maneuver is resolved. Skills and other factors used for vehicles are
indicated in [brackets].

**PURSUE/FLEE**: You simply run or drive as fast as you can.
Roll Mobility [Driving, if your game has that skill]. For each
success rolled, the distance to the other participant decreases
(if the pursuer) or increases (if the prey) by one range category.

✦ If the range exceeds Extreme after both maneuvers in the
round are resolved, the chase is over. \\
✦ If the range is Engaged (or less) after both maneuvers are
resolved, the pursuer may immediately make a close combat attack [ramming attack for vehicles]. The range stays
at Engaged. \\
✦ If the range would go below Engaged, and the pursuer
declines to attack as per above, they can either stay at
Engaged range or overtake the prey, and now become the
prey themselves, at a distance defined by the number of
excess (one excess = Short range, etc.). This latter option
will typically only be viable in some sort of race situation.

**HIDE**: You quickly duck into a side alley or hide behind some-
thing. This maneuver can only be done by the prey, and never
at Short range or less. If the range is Medium, you get a −2
modifier. If the range is Extreme, you get a +2 modifier.

Make an opposed roll for Stealth [Driving] against the
pursuer’s Observation. If you win the roll, the chase is over, or
you can make a sneak attack against the pursuer at a range of
your choosing.

**BLOCK**: You knock things over behind you, trying to create
obstacles for the pursuer. This maneuver can only be done by
the prey. Roll for Force [Driving]. If you succeed, you move
one range category away from the pursuer, and the pursuer
must also roll Force [Driving] before resolving their own maneuver. If that roll fails, their maneuver is canceled.

**CUT OFF**: You try to find a shortcut and cut off the prey. This
maneuver can only be done by the pursuer. Make an opposed
Mobility [Driving] roll. If the range is Long or Extreme, you
get a −2 modifier. If you win the roll, the distance to the prey
is immediately reduced to Engaged, and an immediate close
combat/ramming attack can be made as per above. If you
lose or roll a tie, the distance is increased to Extreme. If the
distance was already Extreme, the chase is over.

**STAND AND SHOOT**: You take a breath to aim your weapon
and fire. This is conducted as a normal ranged weapon attack.

OTHER: You do something not covered by any other maneuver. Typically, this means no movement relative to the other
participant during the Round. The GM has final say.

<box round green|MULTIPLE PARTICIPANTS>
If there are more than two participants in a chase, there are
two ways to resolve it. The simplest way is to divide the participants into two sides. Only the slowest person/vehicle on
each side – the one with the lowest skill level after the Maneuverability modifier (free choice on a tie) – performs maneuvers
and rolls dice, except for the Stand and Shoot maneuver,
which all participants on the side can perform.

A more complex way to resolve chases with multiple
participants is to let each perform maneuvers separately. You
will then need to keep track of the relative distances between
each participant. A sheet of paper indicating range bands can
be useful for this. In this model, the Pursue/Flee maneuver
will move you forward relative to all other participants in the
chase. For all other maneuvers, you must indicate which other
participant you wish to target, and all limitations refer to your
position relative to the target. You count as pursuer in relation
to all participants in front of you, and as prey in relation to all
participants behind you.
</box>

==== CHASE OBSTACLES ====

Each round, after the participants have secretly chosen
their maneuvers, the GM randomly generates a chase
obstacle. There are two tables for chase obstacles on the
following pages – for foot chases and one for ground
vehicle chases. You may need to adapt these to the setting
of your game.

The obstacles provide flavor for the chase and can also
affect the maneuvers chosen by the participants in different ways. The GM is free to adapt the obstacles to the
situation at hand, or even choose to create obstacles freely
as needed.

<box round green|FIRING FROM VEHICLES>
Passengers can make ranged attacks from a vehicle in a
chase, and these attacks are performed immediately after the
driver’s maneuver is resolved. However, such attacks get a −2
modifier if the driver performs any maneuver except Stand
and Shoot.

Advanced military and police vehicles can have mounted
weapons with targeting systems. Such weapons can be fired by
a gunner without a penalty even when the driver does not Stand
and Shoot. Some very advanced vehicles even have automated
targeting systems with their own Marksmanship skill and can fire
at the driver’s command (no action), eliminating the need for a
gunner. </box>

**FOOT CHASE OBSTACLES**
^ D10 ^ OBSTACLE ^
| 1 | DEAD END: If the prey has chosen to Pursue/Flee, Hide, or Block, the maneuver fails automatically. |
| 2 | FOOD STALL: A food stall or market stand blocks the way. If the prey has chosen to Flee, Hide, or Block, they must first make a Force roll (no action) to crash through the glass. If it fails, the maneuver is canceled, and the prey suffers D3 points of damage. |
| 3 | VEHICLE/CART: A car or cart pulls in and blocks the way. This gives a +2 modifier to Pursue/Flee and Stand and Shoot maneuvers, but −2 to Cut Off. |
| 4 | CROWD: The crowds of people making their way along the street provide cover for the prey. A Hide maneuver gets a +2 modifier, and even if the prey doesn’t Hide, the pursuer must roll Observation (no action). If it fails, their maneuver for the round fails automatically. Any failed Stand and Shoot maneuver means a bystander is hit. |
| 5 | MONKS: A throng of robed, chanting monks blocks the road. The prey must roll Persuasion (no action) to convince them to move. Success gives a +2 modifier to any Hide maneuver. A failed roll means that the prey’s maneuver fails automatically. |
| 6 | GUARDS/POLICE: A pair of guards or police try to block the chase, weapons drawn. This gives a −2 modifier to Pursue/Flee, Hide and Stand and Shoot. Anyone who performs the Stand and Shoot maneuver will be attacked by the guards. |
| 7 | OLD MAN: An old man grabs at the pursuer and starts chattering away, clearly after money. The pursuer must give the man some money or push him away with Force. If it fails, their maneuver for the round fails automatically. |
| 8 | GARBAGE: There is garbage and debris all over the street, making the ground slippery. Any Pursue/Flee maneuvers get a −2 modifier this round, while Block gets +2. |
| 9 | OPEN SPACE: The chasers suddenly find themselves in an open space, the crowds clearing for a moment. This gives a +2 modifier to Stand and Shoot but −2 to Hide. |
| 10 | THUGS: D6 street thugs block the road, threatening violence. The prey must roll Persuasion (no action) to be allowed to pass. A failed roll means that the thugs attack – the chosen maneuver fails automatically and one thug attacks in close combat. If the Persuasion roll succeeds, the thugs will attack the pursuer instead. |

**VEHICLE CHASE OBSTACLES**
^ D10 ^ OBSTACLE ^
| 1 | Dead End: If the prey has chosen to Pursue/Flee, Hide, or Block, the maneuver fails automatically. |
| 2 | Downpour: A sudden downpour makes it difficult to see and the pavement slippery. The Pursue/Flee maneuver gets a disadvantage, but Hide gets an advantage. |
| 3 | Vehicle/Cart: A car or cart pulls in and blocks the way. This gives an advantage to the Block maneuver, but a disadvantage to Pursue/Flee, and any failed such maneuver inflicts D3 points of damage to the driver’s vehicle. |
| 4 | Red Lights: The traffic lights by a pedestrian crossing turn red, and a throng of people cross the street. This gives an advantage to the Cut Off maneuver, but a disadvantage to Pursue/Flee and Stand and Shoot. Any such failed maneuver will result in collateral damage. |
| 5 | Patrol Car: A police patrol car joins the fray, sirens blaring. This gives a disadvantage to Pursue/Flee, Hide, and Stand and Shoot. Anyone who performs the Stand and Shoot maneuver will be fired upon by the police. |
| 6 | Freeway: The vehicles move onto a wide freeway with multiple lanes, the traffic clearing for a moment. This gives an advantage to Pursue/Flee and Stand and Shoot, but a disadvantage to Hide and Block. |
| 7 | Roadworks: A major roadworks is up ahead. It gives an advantage to the Hide, Block, and Cut Off maneuvers, but a disadvantage to Pursue/Flee and Stand and Shoot. A failed Pursue/Flee roll will inflict D3 points of damage to the vehicle. |
| 8 | Cyclists: A group of dozens of cyclists are making their way along the streets, forming a noisy, clanking, almost impenetrable barrier. This gives an advantage to the Block maneuver, but a disadvantage to Pursue/Flee and Stand and Shoot. Any such failed maneuver will result in collateral damage. |
| 9 | Truck: A massive truck blocks the way. This gives an advantage to the Cut Off maneuver, but a disadvantage to Pursue/Flee. A failed Pursue/Flee roll will inflict D6 points of damage to the vehicle. |
| 10 | Alleyway: The chase enters a narrow alley. Passing through unscathed requires a separate skill roll (no action) before any maneuver is resolved – failure means the vehicle is wrecked and the chase is over. The driver can choose to cancel their maneuver and navigate the alley slowly and carefully (no roll required). |

====== 5. MAGIC ======

What most people call magic is a catch-all term for forces at
work behind the veil of the world, beyond what the common
folk understand or dare perceive.

Magic is a wild and unreliable force that can manifest
itself in many ways. There are no schools of magic, instead
knowledge is transferred from master to apprentice in a number of broad categories, called disciplines.

There are seven disciplines in this SRD. Three of these are for
druidic magic – Awareness, Healing, and Shapeshifting – while four
are for sorcery: Blood Magic, Death Magic, Elementalism, and Symbolism. Every discipline is linked to a tiered specialty (page 13),
that is a prerequisite to be able to cast spells within each discipline.

==== LEARNING MAGIC ====

To learn a new discipline, or increase your rank in a discipline
you already know, you should find a master with a higher rank
than you in the magic specialty and who is ready to share their
secrets with you. This can require both persuasion and substantial
compensation. Without a teacher, the cost in XP for increasing the
rank in a magical specialty or learning a new one is tripled.

===== SPELLS =====

Your attempts to use magic to impose your will on the world
are called spells. A large number of spells are described later in
this chapter.

==== SPELL RANKS ====

All spells in this chapter are rated in ranks ranging from 1 to
3. There can be spells of even higher rank. As a magic user,
you can cast all spells that are at a rank equal to or lower than
your rank in the related magical talent.

**CHANCE CASTING**: If you really want to, you can cast a spell
at one rank above the rank of your magical talent. However,
this comes at a great risk, as you will automatically suffer a
random magic mishap in this case. You can never cast a spell
that is two ranks or more above your talent rank.

==== CASTING A SPELL ====

Casting a spell is generally a slow action in combat, but there
are also so-called power words that are fast actions. Another
type of spell are rituals that take a longer time to cast (see the
sidebar on page 31). Whether or not a spell is a power word
or ritual is detailed under each spell.

Casting a spell requires a great deal of mental exertion
and requires that you spend one or more Willpower Points
(WP). You typically accumulate WP by pushing dice rolls
(page 9), but some YZE games can introduce other ways
to gain WP. The more WP you spend, the more powerful the
effect of the spell is.

**POWER LEVEL**: The number of Willpower Points you spend
when you cast a spell is called its base power level. Dice rolls
and other factors can further modify the power level.

**ROLLING DICE**: Unlike skills, you can never fail at casting a
spell. Instead, you roll a number of base dice (D6s) equal to
the number of Willpower Points you spend. If you roll one or
several successes (sixes), the spell is overcharged, and if you
roll one or several banes (ones) you suffer some sort of magic
mishap. You cannot push this roll.

**OVERCHARGING**: When you cast a spell, every success you
roll increases its power level by one. For example, if you spend
2 WP to cast a spell and roll two successes, its power level is
increased to 4.

**MAGIC MISHAP**: If you roll one or several banes when you
cast a spell, you have unleashed powerful forces but are unable to control them and you suffer a magic mishap. Roll D66
on the table on the next page.

**SAFE CASTING**: If you cast a spell at a lower rank than your
talent rank for the discipline, you may opt to roll one less die
for every point of difference. This reduces the risk of a magic
mishap, but also makes the spell less likely to overcharge. If
the result is zero dice or less, don’t roll at all – the spell simply
works as intended.

**RANGE**: Every spell has a range, which denotes the maximum
distance at which it can be cast. The range Personal means the
spell only affects yourself.

**DURATION**: Every spell has a duration. Immediate means that
the effect is instantaneous and does not last.

**WILLPOWER POINTS**: Casting a spell requires at least one
Willpower Point. This applies even if it does not explicitly say
so in the description of the spell.

**MAGIC MISHAPS**
^ D12 ^ EFFECT ^
| 1 | The magic makes you unable to sleep for D6 days. |
| 2 | Your spell drains your energy, inflicting one point of stress. |
| 3 | Your magic hurts your body and you suffer one point of damage. |
| 4 | The spell triggers a magical disease with a virulence of 2D6. You and everyone within Engaged range of you for the next shift are exposed to the contagion. |
| 5 | The spell also affects a friend or other unintended victim. A healing or helping spell affects an enemy alongside the intended target. |
| 6 | Your magic permanently alters your appearance. The GM decides how. |
| 7 | The spell blinds you. You act as in total darkness for the next full day. |
| 8 | The spell ravages your mind. Immediately roll for a mental critical injury. |
| 9 | The force of the magic breaks bones in your body. Immediately roll for a physical critical injury. |
| 10 | Your magic attracts a demon from another dimension. The demon appears within the next shift and will create all kinds of trouble. |
| 11 | The spell backfires. An offensive spell affects you instead of your intended target. A protective or healing spell wounds instead of healing. A shapeshift goes horribly wrong and you become a dumb animal. A summoned undead, demon, or illusion turns against you. The GM specifies the details. |
| 12 | Your magic rips open a rift to another dimension, and a demon pulls you over to the other side. Time to make a new character. Your old character will come back as an NPC after D66 days but will be… changed. |

<box round green|RITUALS>
Some complicated spells can’t be cast as an action in combat, as
they require more time and preparation. A typical ritual takes a
shift of time to perform. Rituals often have other prerequisites,
such as ingredients that must be used to perform the ritual.
</box>

===== GENERAL SPELLS =====

The magic disciplines differ, but there are certain effects and
spells that all sorcerers and druids can use if skilled enough.
These are called general spells. They also come in ranks, but
you can use any magic discipline to cast them.

==== MAGICAL SEAL ====

✦ RANK 1 \\
✦ RANGE: Engaged \\
✦ DURATION: Shift 

Using this spell, you protect a person or a location (no bigger
than a human) from magic. The power level of any spells
cast against that person or place during the Quarter Day is
decreased by the power level of the Magical Seal.

<box round green|GRIMOIRES>
You don’t need your spells written down to cast them, but it makes
it easier to get it right. Grimoires are highly sought-after artifacts
among sorcerers. If you cast a spell from a book or a scroll, its rank
is considered one step lower than usual. In combat, you must spend
a fast action readying your grimoire before you can cast the spell.
</box>

<box round green|NPCS & SPELLCASTING>
NPCs don’t have pools of Willpower Points. Instead, when an
NPC casts a spell, the GM may simply choose a base power level
up to the caster’s rank in the magic discipline used. Roll normally
to determine any overcharging or magic mishap.
</box>

==== SENSE MAGIC ====

✦ RANK 1 \\
✦ RANGE: Medium \\
✦ DURATION: Immediate

As a sorcerer or druid, you automatically sense whenever
someone uses magic within Short range or if an item you
hold is charged with magical power. If you want to know
more about what kind of magic is involved, you must cast the
Sense Magic spell. Using this spell is also required to detect
Obscured magic (see below) – your power level must then be
equal to or higher than the power level of the Obscure Magic
spell.

==== DISPEL MAGIC ====

✦ RANK 2, POWER WORD \\
✦ RANGE: Medium \\
✦ DURATION: Immediate

You can interfere with the spells cast by other magic users.
This spell is reactive and breaks the initiative order of combat
in the round (page 15). You decrease the power level of
your opponent’s spell with the power level of your Dispel. If
the result is zero or less, your opponent’s spell has no effect at
all. You must both roll for overcharge and mishaps, as with
any other spell. You must decide how many WP you spend on
your Dispel before you both roll.

==== OBSCURE MAGIC ====

✦ RANK 2 \\
✦ RANGE: Personal \\
✦ DURATION: Immediate

If you want to cast a spell unnoticed, you must Obscure your
magic. This requires one extra Willpower Point that does not
count toward the power level of the spell. Obscuring magic
does not count as an action in itself. To detect your Obscured
spell, another magic user must actively survey the area by
casting Sense Magic.

==== BIND MAGIC ====

✦ RANK 3, RITUAL \\
✦ RANGE: Personal \\
✦ DURATION: Varies

Skilled sorcerers and druids can Bind spells to dead objects
to create magical traps or powerful magical artifacts. You
cast the spell like any other and choose how many Willpower
Points to spend, but you must also spend extra WP to bind
your spell to an object instead of unleashing its power immediately. Rituals cannot be Bound.

Roll for any overcharge and mishap when the spell is
Bound. The extra WP do affect this roll, but don’t count
toward the Power Level. If you spend one additional WP, the
magic lingers for one day, or until the spell is triggered. If
you spend two additional WP, the magic lingers forever, but
dissipates when the spell is triggered. Spending five additional
WP binds the spell to the object forever and it can be triggered
once per day, at a cost in WP equal to the Power Level.

You can bind the spell in whatever manner you wish. You
decide how the spell is triggered. Common methods include
a certain phrase being uttered or that the object is opened,
broken or thrown to the ground. Once the spell is triggered, it
has the same effect as if it had been cast normally.

==== TRANSFER ====

✦ RANK 3 \\
✦ RANGE: Engaged \\
✦ DURATION: Immediate

You can use this spell to steal Willpower Points from others
or to give your WP to someone else. The base cost to cast the
spell is one WP, and you can then take or give as many WP as
you want. If your target opposes the spell, it is not so easy – in
this case, you can Transfer no more WP than the power level
of the spell. The WP used to cast Transfer are spent and are
not transferred.

===== AWARENESS =====

Druids who practice Awareness can see what others cannot
see, hear what others cannot hear. They can see what has happened in the past and sense what will happen in the future.

==== LIGHTBRINGER ====

✦ RANK 1 \\
✦ RANGE: Short \\
✦ DURATION: One stretch per power level

You summon a bright light that dispels all shadows within
Short range, i.e., in the same zone as you.

==== TRUE SIGHT ====

✦ RANK 1 \\
✦ RANGE: Extreme \\
✦ DURATION: Round

You can enhance your vision to be unnaturally sharp, and
see details at Extreme range as if you stood right next to the
object in question. True Sight also lets you see in darkness,
through smoke and fog, and automatically see through any
kind of disguise or shapeshift. You must have a clear line of
sight to whatever you want to look at.

==== WORDS ON THE WIND ====

✦ RANK 1 \\
✦ RANGE: Extreme \\
✦ DURATION: One stretch per power level 

You can enhance your hearing magically and hear specific
sounds up to Extreme range as clearly as if you stood right
where they emanate from. You must see the place to which
you direct your hearing.

==== FARSIGHT ====

✦ RANK 2 \\
✦ RANGE: Varies \\
✦ DURATION: Stretch

You can let your inner eye wander across vast distances, over
oceans and land, mountains, and valleys, and see what is
happening there right now. Farsight does not help you find a
place – you must know where it is located to be able to see it.
Power level 1 lets you view a place at Long range. Power level
2 reaches about 10 kilometers. Further away requires power
level 3. Viewing a location that you haven’t been to before
increases the required power level by two. Your visions are
often fragmented and cryptic – the GM decides exactly what
you can see.

==== TRUE PATH ====

✦ RANK 2 \\
✦ RANGE: Personal \\
✦ DURATION: Immediate

This spell can guide you to the right path when you face a
difficult decision. Once you have cast the spell, the GM must
tell you which decision or choice she believes is the wisest.

==== VISIONS OF THE PAST ====

✦ RANK 2 \\
✦ RANGE: Medium \\
✦ DURATION: Stretch

You can see events that have transpired in the past at the location where you are, even if those events are no longer remembered by any living being. Power level 1 lets you see one day
back in time, power level 2 one year into the past, and power
level 3 lets you see hundreds of years back. Your visions are
often fragmented and cryptic – the GM decides exactly what
you can see.

==== DIVINATION ====

✦ RANK 3, RITUAL \\
✦ RANGE: Short \\
✦ DURATION: Stretch

Performing a ritual, you can see visions of the future. You ask
the GM questions about yourself or someone else present. The
GM answers as best she can. The answer must be brief, and is
often ambiguous and cryptic. The answer can also come in the
form of a sign of happiness, or a foreboding sign of ill fortune.

==== INTUITION ====

✦ RANK 3 \\
✦ RANGE: Personal \\
✦ DURATION: Immediate

You can ask a short “yes” or “no” question about anything
in the world. The GM must answer “yes,” “no,” or “maybe.”
They cannot lie. The GM can choose “maybe” even if they
know the answer, but believes that the true answer may disrupt the game. Note that true or false is not an objective fact,
but is defined by who is asking the question.

==== TELEPATHY ====

✦ RANK 3 \\
✦ RANGE: Short \\
✦ DURATION: Stretch

You can read the surface thoughts of another person for a few
minutes. Digging deeper for memories is harder, and requires
power level 2 or even more, depending on how fresh the memory is. You can also use this spell to send your own thoughts
to another person. In that case, the range of the spell is Long
if you know the target well. By sending thoughts of pain and
suffering, you can inflict stress (damage to Wits or Empathy,
if using attribute damage) equal to the power level. This spell
has no effect on monsters.

===== HEALING =====

The true calling of the druid is to further nature’s cause and to
heal its wounds wherever they appear. Thus, the Healing discipline is the most common among druids, and druids focused
on this discipline are often popular among adventurers.

==== CLEANSE SPIRIT ====

✦ RANK 1 \\
✦ RANGE: Engaged \\
✦ DURATION: Immediate

You can focus the forces of nature to enlighten dark souls. You
immediately heal an amount of Resolve (Wits or Empathy, if
the game uses attribute damage) equal to the power level. You
cannot heal yourself.

==== HEALING HANDS ====

✦ RANK 1 \\
✦ RANGE: Engaged \\
✦ DURATION: Immediate

You can heal an amount of Health (Strength or Agility, if the
game uses attribute damage) by laying your hands on the
wounded. You immediately heal a number of points equal to
the power level. This spell does not affect critical injuries. You
cannot heal yourself.

==== NATURE’S CURE ====

✦ RANK 1 \\
✦ RANGE: Engaged \\
✦ DURATION: Immediate

You heal a sickness or cure the effects of poison in yourself or someone else. The power level of your spell must be
equal to or higher than the virulence or toxicity rating (page
25) divided by 3 (rounded down) if using the dice pool
system. In the step dice system, the power level must be 1 for
virulence / toxicity D, 2 for C, 3 for B, and 4 for A.

==== BANISH DEMON ====

✦ RANK 2 \\
✦ RANGE: Short \\
✦ DURATION: Immediate

This spell inflicts damage equal to the power level on a demon.
This includes demons that do not suffer damage from physical
weapons.

==== MEND WOUNDS ====

✦ RANK 2 \\
✦ RANGE: Engaged \\
✦ DURATION: Immediate

You can use magic to heal broken bones and bleeding wounds.
This spell immediately heals a critical injury. A lethal injury requires power level 2. Lost limbs cannot be regrown, however.

==== PURGE UNDEAD ====

✦ RANK 2 \\
✦ RANGE: Short \\
✦ DURATION: Immediate

This spell inflicts damage equal to the Power Level on one
undead target.

==== RESURRECTION ====

✦ RANK 3 \\
✦ RANGE: Engaged \\
✦ DURATION: Immediate

You can channel nature’s forces to resurrect a dead person –
not as undead, but truly alive. The more time that has passed
since the target died, the more difficult it is. Within the same
shift requires power level 1, within a full day requires power
level 2, and within a week requires power level 3. If over a
week has passed, the body is too decomposed to be Resurrected. A person brought back to life loses one point of Empathy
permanently, as having seen the world beyond the veil will
change their outlook on life forever.

==== SERENITY ====

✦ RANK 3 \\
✦ RANGE: Short \\
✦ DURATION: Immediate

You spread harmony and serenity around you with this spell,
which helps you in social conflicts. The victim of the spell will
do what you want, without a roll to Persuade them. The spell
can only be used against living humanoids.

==== WEATHERMASTER ====

✦ RANK 3 \\
✦ RANGE: Extreme \\
✦ DURATION: Shift

You are so in tune with the forces of nature that you can summon a drastic weather shift in the area where you are. A minor
shift, from cloudy to rain or from dead calm to a light breeze,
requires power level 1. Unusual weather phenomena that still
stay within what is apt for the season – a snowstorm in winter,
blazing heat in the summer, or hard winds and lashing rains
in the fall – require power level 2. To summon completely
unnatural weather, such as a snowstorm in the summer or a
heatwave in the middle of winter, requires power level 3.

===== SHAPESHIFTING =====

Druids are closely connected to nature, and the shapeshifters
are even more so in their aspiration to be one with nature.
Shapeshifting means taking the form of an animal. While there
are Druids who have truly mastered this art, there is a broad
spectrum of spells in the Shapeshifting discipline that all relate
to animals and their aspects in different ways.

==== ANIMAL SPEECH ====

✦ RANK 1 \\
✦ RANGE: Short \\
✦ DURATION: Stretch

This spell allows you to speak with a mammal. You can ask a
number of questions equal to the power level of the spell. The
animal can tell you what it has seen, heard, or smelled – but
they do not perceive the world as humanoids do, so their answers are often hard to interpret. The main advantage is that
they never lie.

==== CAT’S PAW ====

✦ RANK 1 \\
✦ RANGE: Personal \\
✦ DURATION: Immediate

You can meld your mind with the spirit of the cat, and move
without a sound. You can cast this spell instead of rolling
Stealth, and you will succeed automatically. Each power level
counts as one success.

==== HAWK’S EYE ====

✦ RANK 1 \\
✦ RANGE: Extreme \\
✦ DURATION: Stretch

You can meld your mind with that of a hawk and gain its
inhuman sight. You can see the details of anything within
Extreme range, everything from horizon to horizon. You see
all details and can identify specific people.

==== BEASTMASTER ====

✦ RANK 2 \\
✦ RANGE: Short \\
✦ DURATION: Stretch

You can bend animals, both wild and tame, to your will. The
animal can, for example, break off an attack, track down an
enemy, run to where you want it to and deliver a message,
allow you to ride on it, or even attack your opponents.

You cannot control an animal with a Strength higher than
twice the power level. The power level must be one step higher
if the animal is agitated, scared or in combat. If you force an
animal to act in a way that is outside its normal behavior –
like make it perform tricks, for example – the power level
needs to be one step higher.

You can only control one animal at a time. This spell cannot be used against monsters.

==== BEAR’S CLAW ====

✦ RANK 2 \\
✦ RANGE: Engaged \\
✦ DURATION: Immediate

You can strike your enemy with the force of a great bear.
You hit automatically and cause damage equal to the power
level. The attack cannot be parried or dodged, but armor has
normal effect.

==== DEER’S DASH ====

✦ RANK 2 \\
✦ RANGE: Personal \\
✦ DURATION: Immediate

You can run with the speed of a deer for a short distance. This
spell allows you to move (fast action) as an animal (page 25)
with a positive modifier to the Mobility roll equal to the power
level. Casting this spell does not count as an action in itself.
Roll for overcharge/mishap right before you actually move.

==== ANIMAL FORM ====

✦ RANK 3 \\
✦ RANGE: Personal \\
✦ DURATION: Immediate

You can shapeshift completely, and take the form of an animal.
You cannot choose an animal with a Strength higher than twice the
power level. You get the Strength and Agility of the animal while
you are in animal form. The downside is that you lose your ability
to speak and a part of your mental capacity, with the consequence
that your Wits and Empathy drop to 1 each while in animal form.
You also get access to the animal’s natural attacks. Shifting back to
your normal form requires that you cast the spell again.

==== PRIMAL SOUL ====

✦ RANK 3 \\
✦ RANGE: Long \\
✦ DURATION: Stretch

You can awaken primal emotions in the minds of others. The
power level must be equal to or higher than the victim’s current
Wits score. For example, you can bring out the rage of a boar,
the laziness of a cat or the timidity of a sparrow. Exactly how the
victim reacts is up to the GM. If you want to affect the mood of
a crowd in a more general way, a small crowd requires a power
level of 2, a big crowd requires 3, and a whole village 4.

===== BLOOD MAGIC =====

Blood magic derives its power from life itself and its liquid
essence – blood.

==== FIREWALKER ====

✦ RANK 1 \\
✦ RANGE: Personal \\
✦ DURATION: Shift

You can make yourself completely immune to heat and cold
(page 25). You take no damage from fire.

==== STIR BLOOD ====

✦ RANK 1 \\
✦ RANGE: Short \\
✦ DURATION: Stretch

Using this spell, you stir your victim’s blood and bring out
strong emotions such as lust, fear or rage. The victim must
give in to these emotions in some way – exactly how depends
on the individual and the situation. The GM determines the
details. The spell has no effect in combat and cannot be used
against monsters.

==== BIND DEMON ====

✦ RANK 2 \\
✦ RANGE: Short \\
✦ DURATION: Shift

This spell allows you to bend demonic creatures from other
worlds to your will. The demon can resist the spell with a successful Insight roll with a negative modifier equal to the power
level. Keep in mind that demons rarely react well to magicians’
attempts to Bind them, so be ready for any consequences.

==== BLOOD BOND ====

✦ RANK 2 \\
✦ RANGE: Engaged \\
✦ DURATION: Immediate

You can transfer blood, and the inherent energy of it, to or
from another being of the same kind as yourself. You can
transfer a number of Health or Resolve points (or attribute
points, if using the dice pool system) equal to the power level
to or from the target. The starting score cannot be surpassed.
Points lost in this way can be recovered normally. An unwilling victim can make an Insight roll, with a negative modifier
equal to the power level, to resist the spell. The spell can be
used to get a broken person up on their feet, but it has no
effect on critical injuries.

==== IMMOLATE ====

✦ RANK 2 \\
✦ RANGE: Short \\
✦ DURATION: Immediate

You can heat up your victim’s blood to the point where they literally burst into flames. The spell inflicts damage equal to the power
level and then sets the target on fire with an intensity (page 24)
equal to twice the power level. If using the step dice system, the intensity is D for power level 1, C for power level 2, B for 3, and A for
power level 4 or above. Armor does not protect against this spell.

==== BLOOD CHANNELING ====

✦ RANK 3 \\
✦ RANGE: Personal \\
✦ DURATION: Round

This spell concentrates the energy of the sorcerer’s own blood.
You gain a number of Willpower Points equal to twice the power
level. The effect is temporary, however. Your newly won Willpower Points must be used in the next round, or they are lost. If you
use a living sacrifice as an ingredient for your spell, it must be
sacrificed before you cast the spell. A small animal is enough.

==== BLOOD CURSE ====

✦ RANK 3, RITUAL  \\
✦ RANGE: Unlimited \\
✦ DURATION: One shift per power level

You place a blood curse on your victim, who must be a living
humanoid. You must know your victim’s name and know
where they are, at least approximately. The victim suffers damage or stress (any attribute, if using attribute damage). The
amount of damage equals the power level and the victim takes
one point of damage per shift until the full effect is reached.
During this time, no natural healing is possible.

==== BIND SOUL ====

✦ RANK 3, RITUAL \\
✦ RANGE: Engaged \\
✦ DURATION: Varies

Through this ritual, you can extract a victim’s soul from his
blood and capture it in a vessel of some kind (such as a mirror,
a jewel, or a weapon). Your victim must make an Insight roll
with a negative modification equal to the power level. If the
roll fails, the victim is bound to the vessel for a shift. Making
the effect last one full day requires power level 2 or higher,
and if you want the victim to remain in the vessel forever – or
up to a time of your choosing – it requires power level 3. You
can specify a condition that must be filled to free the soul. The
victim can be freed by a Dispel Magic (page 31). While the
soul is bound, the body is unconscious and can be killed or
possessed by another restless spirit.

===== DEATH MAGIC =====

Death magic draws its power from dead or dying beings, from
rot and decay. Practitioners of death magic, known as necromancers, can also steal power from living things by twisting
and tainting them, which is the reason for much of the hate
and fear these black arts stir up. The necromancers see themselves as seekers of truth, as pioneers and explorers of the true
nature of life and death.

==== BEFOUL ====

✦ RANK 1 \\
✦ RANGE: Short \\
✦ DURATION: Immediate

You can let death and decay seep into food. You can Befoul a
ration of food per power level making it unfit for consumption. The food turns into a poison with a toxicity equal to
the lower level multiplied by 3 in the dice pool system. In the
step dice system, power level 1 gives toxicity D, power level
toxicity C, etc.

==== CHILL OF THE GRAVE ====

✦ RANK 1 \\
✦ RANGE: Engaged \\
✦ DURATION: One round per power level

You let the unrelenting cold of death seep into your victim.
The victim becomes cold (page 25), immediately suffering one point of damage and one point of stress (damage to
Strength and Wits) as a result. The victim continues to suffer
one point of damage and stress each round, until the total
amount of damage and stress each equal the power level. The
spell has no effect on monsters.

==== CONTAMINATE ====

✦ RANK 1 \\
✦ RANGE: Engaged \\
✦ DURATION: Immediate

You can create horrid contagions with which to torment
your enemies. Your victim, who must be a living humanoid,
contracts a disease with a virulence equal to the power level
multiplied by 3 in the dice pool system. In the step dice system,
power level 1 gives virulence D, power level virulence C, etc.

==== GHOULISH GLARE ====

✦ RANK 1 \\
✦ RANGE: Medium \\
✦ DURATION: Immediate

Your murky appearance instills unease and fear in your victim.
They suffer stress (damage to Empathy if using attribute
damage) equal to the power level. This spell can only be used
against living humanoids.

==== HAND OF DOOM ====

✦ RANK 2 \\
✦ RANGE: Short \\
✦ DURATION: Immediate

You can claw your way to your victim’s heart magically and
squeeze the life from them. This spell inflicts damage equal to the
power level. You can extend the range to Medium if you spend
an extra Willpower Point (this does not count towards the power
level). This spell can only be used against living humanoids.

==== RAISE THE DEAD ====

✦ RANK 2, RITUAL \\
✦ RANGE: Short \\
✦ DURATION: Shift

The main task of Death Magic is awakening the dead. In its
simplest form, this ritual is used to reanimate one dead humanoid or animal, which will become a rank 1 undead.

For each power level beyond the first, you can reanimate one
more undead, or increase the rank of all undead raised by the
spell by one. A ritual with power level 2 can raise two undead of
rank 1, power level 3 can raise two undead of rank 2, and so on.

A rank 1 undead has little to no mental capacity, but will
obey simple commands and can use weapons and simple
tools. The undead has the same Strength it did in life, Agility
is decreased by one (no lower than 1), and it has no Wits or
Empathy. Skills based on Strength and Agility are retained.

A rank 2 undead can be enhanced in one of the following ways: \\
✦ STRONGER: The Strength score increases by 1. This effect
can be chosen several times for undead of higher ranks. \\
✦ SMARTER: The undead regains some of its lost mental
capacity, in the form of both Wits and Empathy and skills
associated with these attributes. All the scores are lowered
by one (no lower than 1). The undead can answer questions
about its life both before and after death, but it often has an
unclear sense of time and can be very forgetful. It obeys its
maker and can perform slightly more advanced tasks. \\
✦ DURABLE: The duration of the spell is doubled. This effect
can be chosen several times for undead of higher levels.

A rank 3 undead gets two of the effects above. A rank 4 undead gets three effects, a rank 5 gets four effects, and so on.

==== SPEAK TO THE DEAD ====

✦ RANK 2 \\
✦ RANGE: Short \\
✦ DURATION: Stretch

You can speak with the dead. You must be within Short range
of where the victim died or lies buried. You must know the victim’s name. You can speak with the dead for a few minutes and
ask a few simple questions. The GM decides what the dead can
and will answer – the dead aren’t always cooperative. If the vic-
tim’s remains are reasonably intact you can speak directly with
the corpse, otherwise you hear the dead as a disembodied host
voice in your head. This spell cannot be used against undead.

==== STEAL LIFE ====

✦ RANK 3, RITUAL \\
✦ RANGE: Short \\
✦ DURATION: Immediate

You can suck the life from living plants and animals around you.
You gain a number of Willpower Points equal to twice the power
level. The ritual can only be used in an environment where there
is vegetation and so cannot be used indoors or on a rocky mountain side. When you perform the ritual, all people, animals and
plants within Short range – in the same zone as you – die.

==== TERROR ====

✦ RANK 3 \\
✦ RANGE: Medium \\
✦ DURATION: Immediate

You can instill a horrible, unbearable fear in your victim, whose
mind is flooded by images of their own aging and death. The
victim suffers stress (damage to both Wits and Empathy) equal
to the power level. This spell only works on living humanoids.

===== ELEMENTALISM =====

Elemental magic is the art of manipulating the very building blocks
of existence, the four basic elements earth, wind, water, and fire.

==== COMBUSTION ====

✦ RANK 1 \\
✦ RANGE: Short \\
✦ DURATION: Immediate

Manipulating the element of fire, you make any non-living
object suddenly burst into flame. If used against a held item, the
target must drop the item or suffer one point of damage. If used
against clothes or armor, the victim suffers the effects of fire
with an intensity (page 24) equal to twice the power level. If
using the step dice system, the intensity is D for power level 1, C
for power level 2, B for 3, and A for power level 4 or above.

==== SUNDER ====

✦ RANK 1 \\
✦ RANGE: Engaged \\
✦ DURATION: Immediate

Breaking the invisible bonds holding physical matter together,
you split apart any object. Using this spell, you can break any
non-living and non-magical object. For each power level, the item
loses one point of gear bonus (page 11) or suffers ten points of
damage. Armor has no effect.

==== SUFFOCATE ====

✦ RANK 1 \\
✦ RANGE: Short \\
✦ DURATION: One round per power level

Commanding the element of wind, you suffocate a victim
by literally pulling the air out of their lungs. The target
suffers one point of damage at the start of each subsequent
round, for a number of rounds equal to the power level.
Armor has no effect. If the victim is broken by the effect
of the spell, they die after D6 rounds unless saved with a
Healing roll. While under the effect of the spell, the victim
cannot talk or scream.

==== WATER BREATHING ====

✦ RANK 1 \\
✦ RANGE: Engaged \\
✦ DURATION: Stretch

You grant yourself or a creature you touch the ability to
breath water as if it was air, eliminating the danger of drowning. Each power level increases the number of creatures you
can affect by one or increases the duration by one stretch.
These extra effects can be combined.

==== HEAT OF THE MOMENT ====

✦ RANK 2 \\
✦ RANGE: Short \\
✦ DURATION: Immediate

By calling forth the element of fire in the heart of another
living being, you cause your victim to be overcome by anger
and rage. Make an opposed roll with a number of base dice
equal to twice the power level against the Insight skill of
the victim (in the step dice system roll two level D base dice
for power level 1, two C dice for power level 2, etc). You
cannot push the roll. If you win, the victim goes berserk
and must immediately attack everyone in Short range and
keep fighting until they are broken, or all enemies have fled
or are broken. No effect against monsters or creatures that
lack Wits.

==== ROCK STORM ====

✦ RANK 2 \\
✦ RANGE: Medium \\
✦ DURATION: Immediate

Manipulating the element of Earth, you hurl stones and rocks
at an enemy in combat. The damage from your attack is equal
to the power level. Armor works normally.

==== FLIGHT ====

✦ RANK 2 \\
✦ RANGE: Engaged \\
✦ DURATION: Round

Controlling the air around you, you create a small whirlwind
that propels you into the air. Using the spell, you can fly for
one round, moving two zones instead of one per move action.
The casting of the spell doesn’t count as an action in itself.
For each additional power level, you can fly for an additional
round or bring another person with you.

==== PARCH ====

✦ RANK 2 \\
✦ RANGE: Engaged \\
✦ DURATION: Immediate

Controlling the element of water, you draw the fluids out of
a living victim. They immediately suffer damage (to Agility, if
using the attribute damage) equal to the power level. Armor
has no effect.

==== FIREBALL ====

✦ RANK 3 \\
✦ RANGE: Long \\
✦ DURATION: Immediate

You hurl a ball of fire which explodes upon hitting the target,
incinerating a large area. The main target of your attack suffers
damage equal to the power level. Also, everyone within Short
range of the main target (in the same zone) suffers the effects of
fire with an intensity (page 24) equal to twice the power level.
If using the step dice system, the intensity is D for power level 1,
C for power level 2, B for 3, and A for power level 4 or above.

==== STONESKIN ====

✦ RANK 3 \\
✦ RANGE: Personal \\
✦ DURATION: Stretch

Manipulating the element of Earth, you cover your body with
a layer of living stone, protecting you against damage. You
receive an armor rating equal to twice the power level (using
step dice, power level 1 gives armor rating D, power level 2
gives armor rating C, etc).

==== TORNADO ====

✦ RANK 3 \\
✦ RANGE: Medium \\
✦ DURATION: Immediate

Forcing air into a spin, you unleash a powerful whirlwind.
Your target is pummeled and suffers damage equal to the
power level (blunt trauma). You can distribute the damage to
several targets in the same zone. Also, everyone in the target
zone must make a Force roll to stay standing. Flying creatures
must make the same roll to stay in the air.

==== FLOOD WAVE ====

✦ RANK 3 \\
✦ RANGE: Medium \\
✦ DURATION: Immediate

Forcing any nearby source of water or snow to do your
bidding, you unleash a flood wave or small avalanche against
your victims. The targets suffer a total amount of damage
equal to the power level – you can distribute the damage as
you see fit. All victims who take damage are thrown to the
ground.

===== SYMBOLISM =====

The discipline of Symbolism uses runes, esoteric signs and
symbols that reflect the underlying patterns of the world. It
takes advantage of the forces unleashed by a broad spectrum
of laws that are stretched, broken or twisted by the influence
of these symbols. The signs of Symbolism can be carved,
drawn, or simply formed in the air by the hands of a sorcerer.
In any case, the sorcerer needs at least one free hand.

Draw or Carve: Symbolism requires no ingredients apart
from the symbols themselves. If they are carved or drawn
in any way, the power level is increased by one. Drawing a
symbol takes a few minutes and cannot be done in the heat of
battle. Carving a symbol into stone takes one shift or more.
The Sorcerer decides when the symbol is activated. Even a
drawn or carved symbol only works once.

==== ENTICE ====

✦ RANK 1 \\
✦ RANGE: Medium \\
✦ DURATION: Immediate

The symbol lures the victim, who must make an Insight roll
with a negative modifier equal to the power level. If the roll
fails, the victim must move to within Engaged range of the
symbol, spending all their normal actions to do so. When the
victim reaches the symbol, or if the symbol is moved, the effect
is broken. No effect on monsters.

==== HORRIFY ====

✦ RANK 1 \\
✦ RANGE: Medium \\
✦ DURATION: Immediate

The symbol awakens a deep fear in the victim, who suffers
stress (damage to Wits) equal to the power level. No effect on
monsters.

==== PARALYZE ====

✦ RANK 1 \\
✦ RANGE: Medium \\
✦ DURATION: Immediate

The hypnotizing power of the symbol mesmerizes your opponent. At power level 1, the victim loses their fast action in
the round, or in the next round if they have already used it.
At power level 2, they lose their slow action. At power level
3, they lose both actions, and at power level 4, they also lose
any bonus actions from talents. The spell has no effect on
monsters.

==== BLIND ====

✦ RANK 2 \\
✦ RANGE: Medium \\
✦ DURATION: Shift

The victim must make an Insight roll with a negative modifier
equal to the power level. If the roll fails, the symbol blinds the
victim. The effect of this blindness is the same as for being in
total darkness (page 24). On victims without Wits, such as
animals, the effect is automatic, but the spell has no effect on
monsters.

==== ILLUSION ====

✦ RANK 2 \\
✦ RANGE: Medium \\
✦ DURATION: Stretch

You make the victim see or hear something that isn’t there,
or hide something that otherwise would be seen. A small item
requires a power level of 1, while an object of humanoid size
requires power level 2, and an illusion the size of a house
requires power level 3. Only one person is affected. The victim
can see through the illusion with an Insight roll, but gets a
negative modifier equal to the power level. This spell has no
effect on monsters.

==== MIND TRICK ====

✦ RANK 2, POWER WORD \\
✦ RANGE: Medium \\
✦ DURATION: Round

You can force an NPC to refrain from an action they would
otherwise have performed. It must be a minor action, something you can forget by being absent-minded. An example
could be that a guard lets a PC pass without confirming who
they are or that someone leaves their keys on a table. The
spell cannot be used in combat.

==== PUPPETEER ====

✦ RANK 3 \\
✦ RANGE: Short \\
✦ DURATION: Round

You can take complete control of your victim’s actions. The
victim must make an Insight roll with a negative modifier
equal to the power level. If the roll fails, the victim becomes a
puppet without control of their own body. This control only
lasts until the victim’s next ordinary turn, and covers one
fast and one slow action. The victim cannot perform reactive
actions or bonus actions from talents before the Puppeteer’s
actions are performed. The spell has no effect on monsters.

==== POWER RUNE ====

✦ RANK 3, RITUAL \\
✦ RANGE: Engaged \\
✦ DURATION: Immediate

You can charge a symbol with power. The symbol must be
drawn on or carved into an object, which is then charged with
a number of Willpower Points equal to the power level. You
can use the symbol later to cast spells, emptying its stored
Willpower Points. You don’t need to Bind magic to use this
spell. Other sorcerers skilled in the art of runes can use your
Power Runes if they can access them, so keep them to yourself!

==== PORTAL ====

✦ RANK 3, RITUAL \\
✦ RANGE: Short \\
✦ DURATION: One shift per power level

This powerful ritual tears a hole in the veil between worlds
and opens a path between them. This is a very risky undertaking,
since you run the risk of running into all sorts of demons and
other malevolent creatures on the other side – perhaps you can
use them for your own purposes, but it is just as likely they will
attempt to use you for their own. Or perhaps devour you. The
spell Bind Demon (page 35) is very useful here. The details are
up to the GM. Another use for this spell is creating a new Portal
on the other side, which can lead you anywhere you want.

====== 6. TRAVEL ======

In many YZE games, the world is a dangerous place and safe
havens are few and far between. To survive, you need to keep
moving. Traveling, whether on foot or by vehicle, can be a key
part of your game.

===== TRAVEL MAPS =====

To regulate journeys, a travel map is used. A travel map is
typically divided into hexagons, which are used to measure
distances and govern movement. One hexagon is 10 kilometers across. Some YZE games use travel maps with square
grids instead of hexagons.

==== TERRAIN TYPES ====

A travel map is divided into different terrain types. A few
typical terrain types are summarized in the table on page
41, but you may want to invent others specific to your game
setting. The terrain types affect travel speed as well as the
difficulty of driving, foraging, and hunting.

**ROADS**: Several major roads are marked on the travel map.
Traveling along a major road is generally faster – but you
also increase the risk of encounters. Only main roads count
as roads for game purposes, even if the countryside is crisscrossed with tracks or even small dirt roads.

**RIVERS**: Rivers are also not a type of terrain in themselves,
but can be used for traveling. Fords and bridges can be used
to pass over a river. If there are none, you need a raft or boat
to cross a river, or you must swim across it. Read more about
journeys on lakes and rivers below.

^ TERRAIN ^ ROAD ^ OPEN ^ WOODS ^ HILLS ^ MOUNTAINS ^ LAKE/RIVER ^ SWAMP ^ RUINS ^
| Speed (1) | ×1 | ×1 | ×½ | ×½ | ×1∕3 | ×1 (2) | ×¼ | ×½ |
| Driving | +3 | +1 | −1 | 0 | −1 | +2 | −1 | 0 |
| Foraging | As terrain | −1 | +1 | 0 | −2 | — | −1 | −2 |
| Hunting | As terrain | +1 | +1 | 0 | −1 | 0 | 0 | −1 |
| Encounter Distance | Long (3 | Extreme | Medium | Long | Long | Extreme | Long | Medium |

(1) Applies only to off-road driving. For marching and on-road driving, the speed factor is always ×1.

(2) Requires boat or amphibious vehicle.

(3) Minimum distance, use only for roads through woods or ruins.

===== TASKS =====

At the start of every shift, each member of the traveling
party must decide what they will do for most of that shift.
You cannot perform more than one task in the same shift,
including marching. The only exception to this is that one
PC may keep watch while marching. Some tasks can be
performed by several of the characters at the same time. For
other tasks, a single character must be chosen.

The various tasks are summarized below, and explained
in detail over the course of the coming pages.

**MARCHING**: Walking on foot to progress on the travel
map. Can be combined with keeping watch, for one character only.

**DRIVING**: Maneuvering a vehicle on land, water or in the air
to progress on the travel map. Passengers can keep watch, rest,
or sleep while you drive.

**GATHERING**: Collecting wood or grain to produce alcohol
fuel. Must be done on foot.

**KEEPING WATCH**: Scouting for enemies and other encounters.
Only one character can perform this task. Can be combined
with marching.

**FORAGING**: Looking for edible plants and herbs. Must be
done on foot.

**HUNTING**: Tracking and killing animals for food. Must be
done on foot.

**FISHING**: Requires a river or a lake.

**MAKING CAMP**: Only one character can roll for making camp,
but others can help.

**COOKING**: Requires a kitchen or a campfire (which can be set
as a part of making camp).

**RESTING**: Can be done in a moving vehicle, as long as you’re
not driving or keeping watch.

**SLEEPING**: You need to sleep at least one shift per day (page
25). Can be done in a moving vehicle, as long as you’re not
driving or keeping watch.

==== WEATHER ====

The GM decides the current weather when the game starts,
and then rolls a D6 at the start of each shift (or less often if
they prefer). On a bane, the weather changes one step toward
rain. On a success, the weather changes one step toward fair.

**✦ HEAVY RAIN/SNOW**: Limits visibility to Long in the morning and day shifts, and to Short during the evening and
night. Gives a −1 modifier to all ranged attacks. Requires
a Stamina roll for marching (page 42) and gives a −2
modifier to skill rolls for driving. A heavy rain will only
last one shift – then the weather automatically shifts to
cloudy. \\
**✦ CLOUDY**: Cloud cover reduces visibility during the evening
and night shifts of the day to Medium. \\
**✦ FAIR WEATHER**: Maximum visibility in the evening and
night shifts is Long.

===== MARCHING =====

Under good circumstances, you can march two hexes per shift
on a road or in open terrain. Off-road in any terrain type
except open, you can march one hex per shift.

**WEATHER**: In heavy rain, each PC needs to make a Stamina
roll to march – if you fail, your base movement for this shift is
reduced by one hex (which can mean you don’t move at all). If
some PCs succeed and others fail, you need to decide whether
to leave stragglers behind or wait for them.

**DARKNESS**: Marching off-road at night requires a Survival
roll. Only one person rolls for the entire group. Failure means
that you cannot find your way, and no progress is made
during this shift.

**ENCOUNTERS**: Short breaks are included in the travel speeds
in the list, but if you stop for more than a few minutes along
the way – because of an encounter or something else – you
will not be able to travel the entire distance during the shift.
The GM has the final word on how many hexes of movement
you lose when stopping for an encounter.

==== FORCED MARCH ====

You can march for two of the four shifts of the day without
problem. If you need to, you can push yourselves and march
for a third shift in a single day. This requires that each of you
make a Stamina roll (in addition to any roll for heavy rain).

Failure means that you are unable to march during the
shift – instead, you must rest or sleep. If your Stamina roll succeeds, you can choose to leave any stragglers behind and split
up the group, or you can stay and wait for them.

If you are in a real rush, you can even attempt to march for
a fourth shift in the day. In that case, you must roll for Stamina
again as outlined above, but the roll gets a −2 modifier.

<box round green|NAVIGATION>
When moving off-road through a hex with no road in it, no
matter if you are marching or driving, one person in your group
must make a Survival roll to enter a new hex. If the roll fails, you
enter another hex than the one intended. Roll any die – on an
even roll, you enter the hex to the right of the target hex, and on
an odd roll, the hex to the left.
</box>

===== DRIVING =====

All characters in a modern setting are assumed to be able to
drive any civilian vehicle under normal circumstances. The
vehicle list on page indicates maximum travel speeds, in 10-kilometer hexes per shift. Two separate rates are given, one for
traveling off-road and one for traveling on-road. If the listed
speed for off-road travel is a dash (–) the vehicle cannot be
driven off-road at all.

Normally, you will choose on-road or off-road driving for
a full shift, but the GM can allow splitting a shift in half, at
their discretion.

**ENCOUNTERS**: As for marching, short breaks are included in
the travel speeds for vehicles, but if you stop for more than a
few minutes, you will not be able to travel the entire distance.
The GM has the final word on how many hexes of movement
you lose when stopping for an encounter.

==== TERRAIN ====

When driving off-road, difficult terrain can reduce your speed.
A terrain speed factor of ×½ in a hex means that you need to
spend two hexes of movement to drive into it, a speed factor
of ×1⁄3 means you need to spend three hexes of movement,
etc. You will sometimes need to accumulate movement over
multiple shifts to move into a hex. When driving on-road, the
terrain has no effect.

==== DRIVING AT NIGHT ====

Driving off-road at night halves the effective travel speed,
rounding fractions up.

==== MISHAPS ====

At the start of each shift you drive, you must make a skill roll
for driving, modified for terrain type. If you drive off-road
into a new terrain type during a shift, you need to make an
additional roll. In heavy rain, you get a −2 modifier. If you fail,
you suffer a mishap – make a roll on the table on page 43.
Typically, a mishap occurs about halfway into the movement
of the shift – the GM decides the exact hex.

==== FUEL ====

Vehicles need fuel to operate. The lists in chapter 5 indicate
each vehicle’s fuel capacity (in liters) and fuel consumption
(in liters per hex driven). Off-road, the fuel consumption is
doubled.

==== MOUNTS ====

During travel, you can only ride for two shifts per day. To ride
for a third shift, you need to make a Mobility roll. If you fail,
your mount goes lame and becomes incapacitated. A mount
needs at least one shift of rest per day.

**DRIVING MISHAPS**
^ 2D6 ^ MISHAP ^ EFFECT ^
| 2 | Broken Axle | The vehicle becomes inoperable, needing a shift of repairs and a successful Crafting roll before it can continue. |
| 3 | Roadkill | The vehicle hits a random animal (roll on the hunting table). The animal is killed (and can be used for food), but also inflicts damage on the vehicle front equal to half its hit capacity (rounding up). |
| 4 | Busted Gearbox | The vehicle cannot move any further. Fixing the problem requires a Crafting roll and shift of work. |
| 5 | Dirty Fuel | The engine stops due to dirt or water in the fuel. All of the fuel in the tank needs to be drained and the vehicle refueled before it can continue. |
| 6 | Bogged Down | The vehicle gets stuck and moves no further this shift. Getting loose requires a Force roll or help from another vehicle. One attempt per shift can be made. |
| 7 | Wrong Turn | The driver makes a wrong turn somewhere and needs to turn around and go back. One hex of movement is lost this shift. |
| 8 | Roadblock | The road ahead is blocked by debris, a landslide, or fallen trees. The driver must choose a different hex to move into, or remove the obstacle (Force roll, taking one shift). |
| 9 | Engine Overheated | The vehicle must stop for the rest of the shift. |
| 10 | Blown Tire | The vehicle cannot move any further. Fixing the problem requires a Crafting roll with a +2 modifier. One attempt per shift can be made. |
| 11 | Crash | The vehicle crashes into a tree, rock, or barricade, and suffers damage equal to its travel speed rating. |
| 12 | Engine Blown | The vehicle becomes wrecked (page 26). |

===== KEEPING WATCH =====

During every shift, you can designate one character in your
group who is responsible for scouting for threats and enemies.
The lookout can keep watch and march at the same time. A
lookout is useful during every shift, even after you make camp.
You don’t need to have a lookout, but without one you have
no chance of spotting threats before they are upon you.

During journeys, the lookout makes a passive Observation roll (cannot be pushed) when the GM indicates that the
group is approaching an encounter. The distance between the
lookout and the encounter depends on the terrain that you are
traveling in. See the table on page 41.

If the roll is successful, your lookout spots the other group
before you are spotted yourselves. You can then decide whether to show yourselves, back off, or set up an ambush. If your
Observation roll fails, the other group spots you first.

**BACKING OFF**: If you back off from an encounter without
being spotted, you can circle around it, off-road. This will cost
you an additional hex of off-road movement (modified by
terrain), before you can continue forward.

**VEHICLES**: If you travel on or in a motor vehicle and the
group you encounter is on foot, you get a −2 modifier to the
Observation roll to spot the encounter. If you are on foot
while the encountered group is motorized, you get a +2 modifier to the roll. If both groups are in vehicles, roll normally.

===== FORAGING =====

If you are running out of provisions, you can spend a shift
looking for edible plants or drinkable water in your current
hex. To forage, first choose whether you are looking for food
or water. Then make a Survival roll, modified by the terrain
type.

When foraging for food, success means that you find a
number of rations of raw food equal to the number of successes you rolled. You can eat raw plants, but you will then need
to make a sickness roll against virulence 3 (D) to resist food
poisoning.

Only one character can forage for food or water in the
same hex during the same shift, but others can help the roll
(page 11). For each shift you forage again in the same hex,
you get a −1 cumulative modifier. This modifier is reset after a
week, except in wintertime.

===== HUNTING =====

Another way to find food during a journey is to hunt in your
current hex. First roll for Survival, modified for the terrain
type. Success means that you have tracked some kind of prey.
Roll on a hunting table based on the game setting to see what
type of animal it is. You’ll find an example of a hunting table
on page 44. If you roll multiple successes, you manage to
track several prey – roll once for each, and then choose which
one to hunt.

To kill a prey you have tracked, you must first make an
Observation roll to move into position without alerting the
animal. Second, you must make a ranged attack against the
animal. If your attack inflicts damage equal to or in excess of
the Health rating of the animal, or if you score a critical hit,
the animal is killed. If not, it’s only wounded and escapes. You
usually only get one shot.

The hunting table indicates how many rations of (domestic) food that your prey yields, once the meat has been cut and
cooked (page 45). You can eat raw meat, but you will then
need to make a sickness roll against virulence 6 (C) to resist
food poisoning.

Only one character can roll for hunting in the same hex
during the same shift, but others can help the roll. For each
shift you hunt again in the same hex, you get a −1 cumulative
modifier. This modifier is reset after a week.

**TRAPPING**: Certain animals can be caught using simple
snares. Using a snare, you don’t need to shoot the animal
in order to catch it. Instead, you just make another Survival roll after having tracked the animal – if successful, the
animal is caught.

**SAMPLE HUNTING TABLE**
^ D6 ^ ANIMAL ^ HEALTH ^ TRAPPING ^ FOOD ^
| 1 | Grouse | 1 | No | 1 |
| 2 | Rabbit | 1 | Yes | 1 |
| 3 | Fox | 1 | Yes | D3 |
| 4 | Deer | 2 | No | 2D6 |
| 5 | Boar | 3 | No | 2D6×2 |
| 6 | Moose | 5 | No | 2D6×4 |

==== FISHING ====

If you are in a hexagon next to a river, lake, or ocean, you
can fish. You can fish from a moving boat. To fish, you need
fishing gear and a Survival roll. Success means you gain a
number of rations of (domestic) food equal to the number
of you rolled, once the fish has been cleaned out and cooked
(page 45). You can eat raw fish, but you will then need
to make a sickness roll against virulence 6 (C) to resist food
poisoning.

Only one character can roll for fishing in the same hex
during the same shift, but others can help the roll. For each
shift you fish again in the same hex, you get a −1 cumulative
modifier. This modifier is reset after a day.

===== MAKING CAMP =====

When the journey of the day is over, it’s time to make camp.
Finding a good location for a camp, making a fire, and preparing a place to sleep takes a whole shift – usually the evening.
Only one character rolls to make camp, but others can help
with the roll.

Make a Survival roll. If your roll succeeds, you find a
sheltered place to spend the night, where you can all find cover
from incoming fire and rest up before the next day’s journey. If
your roll fails, you set up camp to rest and sleep anyway, but
the GM makes a hidden roll on the mishap table (page 45).
Re-roll if the mishap is not applicable to the situation. The
GM can spring this mishap on you anytime while you are in
the camp.

**FIRE**: Setting a campfire is included in making camp. This is required to be able to cook food at the camp and it will protect
you against cold weather. You can opt to not start a fire, as the
smoke will give away your position to anyone within visual
range of it. When sleeping for a shift without a fire (or other
heat source), you must all roll Stamina to resist cold (page
25), except in very warm weather.

**STANDING GUARD**: Even while you are in your camp, you
would be wise to have a sentry stay awake to keep watch.
You need to choose who stands guard during the night, and
let this person sleep during some other shift (usually the
evening).

**BARE GROUND**: It is possible to sleep in the wilderness with-
out making camp – you simply find a suitable tree to sleep
under. You save the time it takes to make camp, but everyone
in the group must make a Survival roll to find a good spot
to sleep. Failure means you don’t sleep at all. Since you don’t
have a fire to keep the cold away, you all also suffer the effects
of cold (page 25).

**CAMP MISHAPS**
^ D10 ^ MISHAP ^ EFFECT ^
| 1 | Food Spoiled | Your food has rotted or been infected by insects. Half the rations you are carrying are spoiled. |
| 2 | Flooding | Heavy rainfall (page 42) starts in the middle of the night. The camp is flooded and everything gets soaking wet. All characters must roll for Stamina to resist cold (page 25), and no one gets any sleep. |
| 3 | Fire Dies | The firewood is wet, and your campfire goes out. Except in warm weather, everyone must roll for Stamina to resist cold. |
| 4 | Fire! | The flames from your campfire spread out of control. If you have a tent, it’s destroyed. Each character suffers the effects of fire with intensity D, and must make a Mobility roll to save their gear. Failure means that one piece of equipment (GM’s discretion) is lost in the fire. |
| 5 | Ants | Your camp sits right in the middle of an ant road. You each suffer one point of stress (damage to Empathy) and no one gets any sleep here. |
| 6 | Lice | A randomly selected character has caught lice. It itches horribly, and they get a rash all over their body. The victim suffers one point of stress (damage to Empathy) each day and cannot sleep this day. A successful Healing roll stops the effect. |
| 7 | Mosquito Swarm | A large swarm of mosquitoes attacks the camp, driving everyone crazy. Roll two D6 for each character – for each success rolled, the character suffers one point of stress (damage to Empathy). |
| 8 | Savage Animal | A starving wolf, dog, boar or even a bear attacks the camp. |
| 9 | Lost Gear | A randomly selected character has lost a piece of gear. The GM decides what was lost, and if it can be found. |
| 10 | Broken Gear | An item belonging to a randomly selected character is broken. The GM decides what item it is. The item can be repaired with a Crafting roll. |

===== COOKING =====

Cooking meat, fish or vegetables that you have caught or
foraged in the wild requires a campfire or a kitchen of some
sort. By a campfire, you can cook up to a dozen daily rations
of food in a shift. This includes cutting meat, gutting and
cleaning fish, etc. You can cook in the same shift as another
character makes camp.

Roll for Survival. No matter if you succeed or not, your
rations of raw plants, meat, or fish are turned into edible
food. However, if you fail, anyone who eats the food must
make a sickness roll to resist food poisoning (virulence 3/D
for plants, 6/C for meat or fish). This can be a hidden roll
made by the GM.

===== RESTING =====

Resting by the campfire is a good opportunity to recover from
damage (page 21). If your rest is interrupted by something
dramatic, like combat or other similar activity, your activity
during the shift no longer counts as rest.

===== SLEEPING =====

You need to sleep at least one shift per day (usually during the
night). If your sleep is interrupted by something dramatic, like
combat or other similar activity, your activity during the shift
no longer counts as sleep.

===== EXPLORING =====

When you stop at a location to explore it, your journey is
interrupted. Exploring can take anything from a shift up to
several days or even weeks. Sometimes, you might have to
take a break to rest or sleep while exploring. You cannot rest
or sleep if you explore for more than half of the shift.

===== WATER TRAVEL =====

If you have access to a boat or raft, you can cross a river without using a bridge or a ford. You can also travel along a river,
across a lake or on an ocean. Sea travel works just like driving
on land. Passengers on a boat can rest or even sleep, as long as
they don’t keep watch, fish or perform some other action.

===== Year Zero Engine Free Tabletop License ======
(version 1.0)

Fria Ligan AB (“Free League”) has created the attached Year
Zero Engine System Reference Document (“YZE SRD”).
You may use the YZE SRD to create your own tabletop role
playing game, subject to the terms of this license agreement.
By using the YZE SRD, you agree to these terms.

**1. LICENSE**. Free League hereby grants you a worldwide,
perpetual, non-exclusive right to copy, use, modify,
translate, and distribute the YZE SRD in printed form, as
a PDF, or as a virtual tabletop module (“VTT”) as part
of your own tabletop role playing game, modules, and
expansions (your “Game”). VTTs do not include NFTs
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you comply with the terms of this agreement, this license
is irrevocable. If you breach the terms of this agreement,
this license terminates automatically.

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text, or other materials created or owned by Free League
or to use any of Free League’s brands or logos, except as
set forth in section 5, below.

**3. OWNERSHIP OF THE YZE SRD**. You agree that Free
League owns all rights in the YZE SRD and that you will
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**5. LOGO**. You may, but are not required to, place the Year
Zero Engine logo (the “Logo”) on any Game you create
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**6. NOTICE**. You must include a notice on your Game, or
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Zero Engine System Reference Document is used under
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**9. DISCLAIMER**. FREE LEAGUE IS PROVIDING THE
YZE SRD “AS IS,” MAKES NO REPRESENTATIONS
OR WARRANTIES EXCEPT AS EXPRESSLY STATED
IN THIS AGREEMENT, AND DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES, EXPRESS, IMPLIED, STATUTORY, OR
OTHERWISE. Free League has no liability for your use
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**10. MISCELLANEOUS**. This is the entire agreement of the
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